Marriage and Labor Market Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terra McKinnish
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Outside Option ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Premarital Investments

Marriage and labor market outcomes are deeply related, particularly for women. A large literature finds that the labor supply decisions of married women respond to their husbands’ employment status, wages, and job characteristics. There is also evidence that the effects of spouse characteristics on labor market outcomes operate not just through standard neoclassical cross-wage and income effects but also through household bargaining and gender norm effects, in which the relative incomes of husband and wife affect the distribution of marital surplus, marital satisfaction, and marital stability. Marriage market characteristics affect marital status and spouse characteristics, as well as the outside option, and therefore bargaining power, within marriage. Marriage market characteristics can therefore affect premarital investments, which ultimately affect labor market outcomes within marriage and also affect labor supply decisions within marriage conditional on these premarital investments.

What happens to young people who move to another country to find work?

2018 ◽  
pp. 389-418
Author(s):  
Mehtap Akgüç ◽  
Miroslav Beblavý
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
And Gender

This chapter analyzes the labor market integration of South–North and East–West migrants, together with intra-European and non-European Union migrants, vis-à-vis native peers in main European destinations. The analysis considers individual characteristics and labor market outcomes by migrant origins. Labor market outcomes are estimated, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and for country-fixed and year effects. Using interaction effects, the chapter estimates whether the work-related outcomes of young migrants differ vis-à-vis native peers. The econometric analysis using pooled European Social Surveys (2002–2015) suggests that individual characteristics explain part of the migrant–native peer differences. Particularly, migrants from Eastern and Southern Europe exhibit important gaps vis-à-vis native peers regarding unemployment, contract type, and overqualification. Overall, migrant youth and women seem to be in vulnerable situations in destination labor markets. In addition to nondiscriminatory treatment, transparent competence screening and smooth skills transferability could alleviate such youth and gender vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Masking Real Unemployment: The Overall and Racial Impact of Survey Non-Response on Measured Labor Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yixia Cai ◽  
Dean Baker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Market Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

A large and growing percentage of households are missed in the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). For the survey as a whole, the rate of nonresponse is roughly 13 percent. This is higher for Blacks, with the share for young Black men being about 30 percent. The BLS’s current methodology effectively assumes that, with adjustment for various characteristics, people who are not included in a follow-up survey may not differ systematically from those who are included. The present paper, however, provides evidence that this may not be the case. With the rotation panel structure of the CPS data from 2003 to 2019, we investigate bias from nonresponse in CPS and its association with one’s prior labor market status, paying particular attention to how the relationship differs by race, ethnicity, and gender. Our analysis suggests that people are considerably more likely to be missing in a subsequent observation if they are unemployed or not in the labor force in the prior observation. We also estimate what the real labor market outcomes might have been when adjusting for nonresponse and undercoverage. Findings indicate that the current methodology may underestimate the national unemployment and labor force participation rates by about 0.7 and 1.2 percentage points, respectively. The gap between observed and adjusted unemployment rates tends to grow beginning in 2015. The unemployment rate is more understated for Blacks than for whites, particularly with a gap of about 3.3 percentage points for young Black men (age 16 to 34).

scholarly journals Immigrant Women’s Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110088
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kanas ◽  
Katrin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Gender

This article contributes to previous research on immigrant integration by examining how religiosity and gender roles in European countries influence immigrant women’s labor market outcomes. Moreover, we extend theoretical work on the importance of the receiving country’s norms and values by hypothesizing and testing whether receiving countries’ influence varies with immigrant women’s religiosity and gender-role attitudes. Using the European Social Survey data and multilevel regression models, we find that religious immigrant women participate less in the labor market and work fewer hours than nonreligious immigrant women. Immigrant women’s traditional gender-role attitudes partly explain the negative relationship between individual religiosity and labor market outcomes. While the receiving country’s religiosity is negatively related to immigrant women’s labor market outcomes, this negative relationship is significantly weaker for religious and gender-traditional immigrant women than for nonreligious and gender-egalitarian women. These findings suggest that the economic benefits of residing in countries that support female employment are limited to immigrant women who are ready and positioned to embrace gender-egalitarian norms and values.

scholarly journals Black Population Size and the Structure of United States Labor Market Inequality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Labor Market Inequality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Black Population Size

This dissertation investigates the relationship between relative Black population size and the structure of labor market inequality by race-ethnicity, gender and class. There are five principal new developments here. First, Black-White inequality for women -- as well as gender inequality -- is integrated into the research. Second, by examining three major labor market outcomes -- employment status, occupational attainment, and earnings -- the project offers a more systematic view of the relationships under study. This has important implications for better understanding possible causal mechanisms of racial-ethnic composition. Third, existing threat and crowding hypotheses are tested with new models using measures of residential and occupational segregation. Fourth, tests of class interactions are offered, casting new light on continuing debates about the relative costs and benefits of Black-White inequality across class and gender lines. Finally, estimation of contextual effects in all models is improved with hierarchical modeling techniques. Larger relative Black population size means more "race" in the local economy, and more "racial" inequality. This project asks the question: is more "race" good or bad for White and Black men and women at the individual level; whom does Black-White inequality help or hurt, and in what ways? I conclude that when the Black population is larger, Black-White inequality is more salient, and more important relative to class and gender inequality. A consistent set of models shows this pattern across labor market outcomes, and across gender and class groups -- as well as across variation in individual-level characteristics besides racial-ethnicity. Thus Black-White inequality again appears not only pervasive but also structural to the system of social stratification in the United States.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Shocks on Workers' Labor Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hannah Illing
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Market Impact ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Supply Shock ◽  
The Impact

In this dissertation, I analyze the effect of economic shocks on workers' labor market outcomes. In the first part of this thesis (Chapter 2), I investigate a labor supply shock in the form of cross-border migration. Chapters 3 and 4 in the second part of this thesis focus on the labor market impact of job displacement, resulting from a mass layoff, on individual workers’ careers.

scholarly journals Hours, Occupations, and Gender Differences in Labor Market Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Erosa ◽  
Luisa Fuster ◽  
Gueorgui Kambourov ◽  
Richard Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
And Gender

The effects of (different types of) immigrants on labor market outcomes of (different groups of) natives

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asali
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Complementarity Effect ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Israeli Arabs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different types of immigrants on the labor market outcomes of different native groups. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a quasi-experimental approach, utilizing the border closures policy as well as political instability and economic conditions in the major countries of origin as exogenous sources of variation in the number of immigrants, to measure the effect of an immigrant-induced labor supply shock of each immigrant type (Palestinians and foreign guest workers) on the wage and employment of native workers (Israeli Arabs and Israeli Jews). Findings The effects of immigrants on local labor market outcomes vary with their origin. The different native groups, moreover, are affected differently by each type of immigrants. Specifically, a foreign-worker-induced increase in the labor supply negatively affects only the least-skilled Jewish workers. In contrast, a 10 percent Palestinian-induced increase in the labor supply increases the wage of Israeli Arabs by 3.4 percent, suggesting a net complementarity effect. Short-term slight employment adjustments occur at the intensive rather than the extensive margin. Originality/value The paper studies heterogeneous effects of immigrants by their type; also it studies heterogeneous effects experienced by different native groups. This paper informs the policy discussion about immigration and its effects on native workers.

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