Contemporary Pagan, Wiccan, and Native Faith Movements

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chas S. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Experience Emotion

Paganism is based largely in an Enlightenment-era rejection of Christianity and Romantic-era ideas of the individual experience, emotion, and creativity, combined with a search for true ethnic culture in the lore and practices of the pre-Christian past and a rejection of universal transcendental religion, in favor of the local, the particular, the polytheistic, and the animist. Particularly in the United States, Pagans have challenged governmental accommodations for existing religions by demanding equal status in public spaces. Contemporary Pagan groups began forming in the 1930s, but the largest, Wicca, emerged in the United Kingdom in the early 1950s.

On the Issues Surrounding Economic Voting

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. HIBBING
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Individual

This is an analysis of the effects of economic factors on voting behavior in the United Kingdom. Aggregate- and individual-level data are used. When the results are compared to findings generated by the United States case, some intriguing differences appear. To mention just two examples, unemployment and inflation seem to be much more important in the United Kingdom than in the United States, and changes in real per capita income are positively related to election results in the United States and negatively related in the United Kingdom. More generally, while the aggregate results are strong and the individual-level results weak in the United States, in the United Kingdom the situation is practically reversed.

“Nothing More to Be Done”: Palliative Care Versus Exerimental Therapy in Advanced Cancer

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Löwy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Experimental Therapies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The ArgumentPatients suffering from advanced, incurable cancer often receive from their doctors proposals to enroll in a clinical trial of an experimental therapy. Experimental therapies are increasingly perceived not as a highly problematic approach but as a near-standard way to deal with incurable cancer. There are, however, important differences in the diffusion of these therapies in Western countries. The large diffusion of experimental therapies for malignant disease in the United States contrasts with the much more restricted diffusion of these therapies in the United Kingdom. The difference between the two reflects differences in the organization of health care in these countries and distinct patterns of the professionalization of medical oncology in America and in Britain. The high density and great autonomy of medical oncologists in the United States encourages there the diffusion of experimental therapies (regarded by some as expensive and inefficient); the lower density of these specialists in the United Kingdom and their task as consultants and not primary caregivers, favors the choice of more conservative (for some, too conservative) treatments. Theoretically, the decision as to whether patients suffering from advanced, incurable cancer will be steered toward an experimental therapy or toward palliative care depends on the values and beliefs of these patients and their physicians. In practice, however, such choice does not depend exclusively on the individual' cultural background and ethical values, but is also strongly affected by the — culturally conditioned — Professional and institutional structure of medicine

International Monetary Fund

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The annual joint meeting of the Boards of Governors of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was held in Washington from September 10 to 14, 1951, concurrently with the annual meetings of the Governors of the individual bodies. The Czechoslovakian Governor proposed at the opening meeting that delegates from the People's Republic of China be substituted (in all Fund, Bank and Joint machinery) for the delegates from the “Kuomintang group”. No action, however, was taken on the “expulsion” resolution. At the closing joint session, on September 14, the Governors disposed of the remainder of the substantive work of the Joint Procedures Committee by agreeing that: 1) the seventh annual meeting of the joint Boards of Governors be held in Mexico City in the first half of September, 1952; 2) the Governor for Brazil be chairman for the joint Board of Governors for the ensuing year, while the Governors for China, France, India, the United Kingdom and the United States be vice-chairmen; 3) the composition of the Joint Procedures Committee for the ensuing year be the Governors for Brazil (chairman), Australia (vice-chairman), Lebanon (reporting member), and China, Finland, France, India, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Compensation for Nationalized Property: The British Practice

1955 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Alfred Drucker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Means Of Production

The United Kingdom, like the United States, tried after the last war to protect the interests of its citizens in the many Central and Eastern European countries in which first the means of production and not much later the means of distribution were “nationalized.” Its success in these endeavors was about as disappointing as that of the United States. Neither the United Kingdom nor the United States succeeded in protecting in these countries the individual rights of their citizens by means of diplomatic intervention. The disintegration of the conception of property rights in Europe has gone so far that no individual claimant seems to have been able to obtain full satisfaction. Only where timely economic countermeasures were taken against the confiscating states could compensation agreements be concluded which provide for some measure of compensation.

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