Institutional structure formation of the global green finance market

The article studies the strategic directions of the Eurasian Development Bank as an important element of the institutional structure of the global green finance market.The current differentiated global structure of green finance market institutions has been shown, and the substantive focus of organisations at two levels of the institutional structure of this market has been shown. A statistical overview of green finance institutions by country, region, type and financial instruments used has been made. The role of multilateral development banks in the structure of such institutions has been shown. The need for the formation of institutions in the green financial market segment as a necessary element of green finance has been substantiated.The structure of institutions on two levels has been given: 1) subjects – participants of the green bond market; 2) a set of institutions developing and shaping the methodology for green financial instruments assessment, standards, taxonomy, ratings. Using the global green bond market as an example, up-to-date statistics and analysis of the broader composition of issuers of green financial instruments by country, world region, sovereign and corporate participants, and development institutions have been presented. Emphasis has been placed on public issuers and the participation of multilateral development institutions in financing green economy projects in various countries. The experience of Eurasian Economic Union countries in developing green finance has been summarised and the prospects for Russia and Kazakhstan in the green finance movement have been noted.The institutions of the differentiated structure of the global green finance market identified in the study have been grouped into two levels depending on the profile of their participation in the green economy; the directions and tools for the prospective development of the Eurasian Development Bank’s green finance activities have been defined; recommendations for prospective aspects of the methodological and analytical activities of the bank in the context of the Eurasian Development Bank Strategy 2022–2026 have been proposed.The study applied an analysis of scientific literature in the field of institutional theory, green economy and green finance, statistical, comparative, factual analysis, review and analysis of information from official websites of international development institutions, government and corporate entities, international rating agencies included in the architecture of the global green finance market.

Educational space of visual art of Ukraine

The article analyses the educational space of Ukrainian visual arts. The educational component of the modern art system is insufficiently studied and requires the definition of its boundaries, a description of the main characteristics, the delineation of development vectors. Therefore, the article gives a meticulous view of the preconditions and history of building the basic principles of the educational order of local visual arts. The rest of the research examines the current learning process, its structure, components and communication links. The author determines the place of education in the system of institutional structure of modern visual art of Ukraine, emphasizes its features in relation to the global educational art paradigm.

Experiences and perceptions of academics about student engagement in higher education

This article examines the experiences and perceptions of academics about student engagement and how their professional practice in a professional community enhances students’ persistence and success in a university in South Africa. While previous research has widely focused on students’ perception of how student engagement enhances student success and persistence, there is a paucity of research on the position of academics who constitute a professional community on how they could enhance student engagement in higher education. To address this knowledge gap, a qualitative research approach was used to gather and analyse data from a sample of 26 academics who shared their perceptions and experiences about how they contribute to enhancing student engagement in the university. Consequently, four main themes were explored to provide conceptual and empirical structure to the notion of engagement among academics in an expert community: institutional structure and culture, affective, behavioural and cognitive engagement. The results revealed that the cognitive, behavioural and affective features of student engagement as well as institutional structure and culture explain how academics experience and perceive how their professional practices enhances student persistence and success in relation to engagement. Particularly, the study shows that institutional culture, expert culture, professional community and institutional structure influence the perceptions and experiences of academics about student engagement. Conversely, when academics do not follow the expert and academic cultures of the institution, it could lead to poor professional practices that are antithetical to student persistence and success.

Unity or Fragmentation in the Deep Blue: Choices in Institutional Design for Marine Biological Diversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Delegations are in the final stages of negotiating the proposed Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement or Agreement). The Agreement will have tremendous scope. Geographically it covers all ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, meaning approximately 60 percent of the earth’s surface. Substantively it deals with a range of complex topics necessary for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, including marine genetic resources, sharing of benefits, measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology. Existing scholarship primarily explores the substantive choices for the Agreement; little examines its proposed institutional structure. This article critically assesses the competing positions advanced during negotiations for the Agreement’s institutional structure – the ‘global’ and ‘regional’ positions – and reviews the middle, or ‘compromise’ position adopted by the draft text. It suggests that both global and regional actors will be necessary to conserve and sustainably use marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and that some form of coordinating mechanism is required to allocate responsibility for particular tasks. Two principles are proposed for use in combination to provide a mechanism to help coordinate Agreement organs (global) and regional or sectoral bodies, namely, the principles of subsidiarity and cooperation. These principles are found in existing international and regional structures but are advanced here in dynamic forms, allowing for temporary or quasi-permanent allocation of competences, which can change or evolve over time. This position is also grounded in the international law of treaties and furthers dynamic views of regional and global ocean governance by offering practical coordinating principles that work with the existing Agreement text.

Institutional Principles of Building the Fiscal Mechanism for Regulating the Investment Development of the National Economy

The state, influencing the processes of organization of fiscal relations by forming institutions, directs the established fiscal relations, manages the channels and directions of fiscal flows, clarifies the proportions of financial resources distribution and thus regulates the investment development of the economy. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the institutional principles for building a fiscal mechanism, from which depends not only its effective functioning, but also the impact on investment processes in the national economy. In order to substantiate the institutional principles of building a fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy, general and special research methods were used (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, analogy, theoretical generalization, etc.). The historical development of institutional theory is considered in the course of the research. Approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of “institution” concept are defined, their functions and characteristics are outlined. The essence and components of the institutional structure of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy are substantiated. As a result of the research it is proved that the institutional structure of the fiscal mechanism is four-level and includes the cognitive level, regulatory level, organizational level, resource-technological level. It is determined that at the present stage of development of Ukraine the institutional structure of the fiscal mechanism is formed, but its characteristics do not sufficiently correspond to the features, resources and tasks of regulating the investment development of the national economy.

Plurality and Pluralism

This chapter demonstrates the decline of state pluralism, the logic of aggregative identities in political mobilization in independent India, and, in closing, the moral psychology and institutional structure of democratic violence. It argues that caste’s hierarchical and segmenting features produced a logic of mobilization that, over time, accorded legitimacy to identitarian aggregation of all shades—not just those identified by the constitution-makers as deserving of recognition on the grounds of social justice. Simultaneously, the chapter shows how the definition of Hinduness acquired meaning through the differences with Muslims and Christians. Electorally, this identity took shape only over the past three decades, and the BJP’s electoral rise and sustenance have come alongside a rise in “everyday violence.” This chapter explores the conditions of possibility for such violence—the complexity of agential structures in the modern Indian state; the nature of mob violence; and mismatch between a social organization’s incentives and a political party’s compulsions.

Le muse in gara

Le muse in gara, a serenata composed by Pietro Domenico Paradies on a libretto by D. Giacomo De Belli, was a highlight of the Venetian musical and cultural milieu at its premiere in the Ospedale di Mendicanti on 4 April 1740. The performance, given by the Ospedale's all-female musical ensemble, enticed hundreds of esteemed nobles and foreigners, including a special guest, the future Prince-Elector of Saxony Frederick Christian. With so many prestigious audience members in attendance to hear the exceptional female musicians, the text and the context of the performance present an occasion of Venice's foreign relations being fashioned through the Ospedale and its musical performances. This edition of Le muse in gara offers a crucial glimpse of the importance of the Ospedale and its female musicians in Venice's political maneuvering, with an introduction that highlights institutional structure and performer contributions in relation to the work.

Not So Much Societal: The Catholic Church in Poland as a Veto Player

George Tsebelis distinguished two forms of veto players’ actions: institutional and partisan. In a democracy, the Church is not able to play either role because it is not an element of the state’s institutional structure. This was the source for Simon Fink’s proposal to look at the Church as a societal veto player (VP). The case of Poland shows, however, that such an approach becomes inadequate in numerous situations. The Church’s influence on political parties, and particularly the state’s institutions, may be exerted outside society. Performed on the basis of the existing literature and political debates conducted since 1989, the analysis of the social and political reality of Poland allows us to indicate the following four issues with respect to which the role of the Church as a VP The Church acted most often as a quasi-institutional VP (five cases), and once as a quasi-partisan VP. It never took actions based primarily on mobilizing society. This undermines the universality of findings and indicates the necessity of reconsidering the role of churches as societal veto players.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT: METHODOLOGY OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS

Economic growth unambiguously presupposes the development of enterprises based on the introduction of new technologies that require changes in the forms of organization of labor, its content. This inevitably entails staff resistance to the implementation of changes. Known techniques solve this problem, but they cannot be called effective and efficient. The reason is that when influencing personnel, they are guided mainly by the labor behavior of employees. Resistance of personnel, expressed in the opportunistic behavior of employees in the performance of new job duties, new labor procedures, solving old tasks with new methods and means. But the reason for the resistance goes deeper. It lies in the content and structure of social and labor relations. In the article, this the problem is considered through the prism of the institutional structure of social and labor relations, which are the essential basis of labor. A method of transforming them before introducing changes in order to reduce the potential of workers’ resistance is also proposed.