Mexico–Canada Economic Relations during the NAFTA Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Subnational Governments

Canada is Mexico’s third largest trading partner in terms of the overall bilateral trade, and both countries have become strategic allies during the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) era, between 1994 and 2020. Canada, Mexico, and the United States have been members of the NAFTA since 1994. For both Canada and Mexico, the United States is their first trading partner, in terms of exports, imports, and foreign direct investment. NAFTA has paved the way for economic integration between Canada and Mexico during the period of this agreement. It is significant to highlight the notable expansion of Mexico’s exports to Canada, but also of Canada’s investment in Mexico. From a subnational perspective, the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta are among Mexico’s most important trading partners. Economic relations between Mexico and Canada has also facilitated international cooperation from subnational governments and important interchanges in education, science, culture, and environment. Quebec is the only Canadian province with a general delegation in Mexico and representations in several subnational states. The Canadian province of Saskatchewan has established important agreements in education with government agencies and universities in Mexico. Relations between Mexico and Canada have strengthened during the NAFTA era. Not only central governments but also subnational governments define the characteristics and dynamics of this relation.

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

scholarly journals Canadian Production in and to American Markets: Bilateral Trading Issues

1994 ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
R. W. Riegert ◽  
R. J. Lane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Products Liability ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Relationship

The main concern of this article is the bilateral trade relationship between the United States and Canada, and specifically trade involving the energy industry. The main areas of the trade relationship are examined. First, the aims of the North American Free Trade Agreement are examined to show how it differs from, expands and improves upon the Free Trade Agreement. Second, four areas of commercial law are examined: The Uniform Commercial Code; U.S. federal legislation designed to control conflicting state laws; products liability dealing with the potential liability of Canadian manufacturers to American consumers; and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Third, there is advice to Canadian manufacturers on ways to avoid becoming liable for American tax. Fourth, the harmonization of American and Canadian trade and financial statutes in the areas of countervailing duties, dumping, anti-trust and customs tariffs is discussed. This is followed by advice on the different taxation policies followed by the United States and Canada and the implications for bilateral trade. Provisions for the transfer of possession of products are discussed as are immigration questions raised by the entry of Canadians into the United States to sell their products. Finally, the regulation of interstate commerce in the United States is examined.

scholarly journals Dynamism and competitiveness of mexican beef, a focus of market diversification

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Rebeca Yurani Carrillo-Ángeles ◽  
Emmanuel Cruz-Soriano ◽  
Zugaide Escamilla-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The North

In Mexico, the production and export of bovine have remained competitive, placing it within the top ten countries due to its competitiveness which is based on weather conditions, the production of cereals for food and the commercial relationship with the United States. In this regard, Mexico, with the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), promotes international trade with the United States and Canada, with the objective of eliminating obstacles to trade, facilitating the cross-border circulation of goods and services, promoting fair competition in the free trade zone, increases investment opportunities, among others aims (Ministry of Economy, 1993). At the beginning of the agreement, Mexico achieved short-term macroeconomic objectives of stability, economic growth, and inflation control, however, in the long term it has not meant an increase in the standard of living of Mexicans, therefore, Mexico decided to diversify markets of export through bilateral trade agreements with other countries. As a consequence, the objective of this research is to perform an analysis of the commercial position of Mexican beef (2002-2016), obtaining the Grubel & Lloyd index and the grown rate by time interval, concluding that there is a commercial dynamism of this Mexican product.

scholarly journals Impacts of U.S., Mexican, and Canadian Trade Agreement on Commodity and Labor Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Stephen Devadoss ◽  
Jeff Luckstead
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The North ◽  
United States Mexico

AbstractThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation has resulted in an updated agreement known as the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). Given the contentious nature of the renegotiation process, we analyze the impacts of the USMCA relative to a “what if” scenario of failed NAFTA renegotiation to examine the economy-wide impacts of USMCA on bilateral trade, production, consumption, prices, and domestic and cross-border labor markets. Our results show that, had NAFTA renegotiation failed, the ensuing economic conditions would have created incentive for more, not fewer, migrant workers to enter the United States. USMCA benefits Mexican and Canadian consumers marginally but harms U.S. consumers slightly.

scholarly journals North American Free Trade Agreement

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 293-313
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wordliczek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
North American ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
The U.S

The article deals with the relationship between the United States and Mexico from the perspective of the US national security. The key areas of strategic interest in Mexico on the part of the United States include: limiting illegal immigration, fighting drug-related crime, economic cooperation, both bilateral and in the wider international dimension, for example the North American Free Trade Agreement. According to the United States, all three factors and their successful implementation are necessary and constituent elements of the national interest of the United States in its most important scope, that is, in increasing the security of the state. The analysis focuses on the U.S. economic relations with Mexico at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The basis of economic relations between these countries is the North American Free Trade Agreement. The genesis of the NAFTA agreement and its effects on mutual relations in the context of the U.S. national interest and security was presented. Additionally, the reasons for President Donald Trump’s change from NAFTA to USMCA are described, from the perspective of U.S. strategic interests.

Not If but How

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Shadlen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patents ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
The Will

This chapter explains early and extreme over-compliance in Mexico. In the 1980s, even while transforming much of the country’s economic strategy, the Executive remained cautious with regard to pharmaceutical patenting. Yet by the end of the decade, external pressures and the promise of a bilateral trade agreement with the United States transformed the Executive’s preferences. The analysis reveals how economic liberalization in the late 1980s and the process of negotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement weakened the national pharmaceutical sector both economically and politically, and how Mexico’s export profile and the opportunities presented by a new trade agreement with the United States helped the transnational sector widen the coalition for over-compliance. Examination of the legislative process by which Mexico adopted pharmaceutical patents in 1991 illustrates these stark coalitional asymmetries; we observe a defensive coalition stripped of the will to fight and an expansive and energized coalition for over-compliance.

Presidential Tariff Authority

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Veroneau ◽  
Catherine H. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Trump Administration

As part of the “America First” agenda discussed in his inaugural address, President Donald J. Trump promised that “[e]very decision” on trade, among other areas, would be “made to benefit American workers and American families.” During its first months, the Trump Administration made a number of trade moves apparently in connection with this “America First” trade agenda, including initiating national security investigations into steel and aluminum imports under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and preparing an “omnibus” report on trade deficits. The Trump Administration also took steps to alter U.S. treaty relationships, by withdrawing from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, announcing the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and requesting a special session of a joint committee created under the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement. In August 2017, President Trump continued this course—and indicated a willingness to take unilateral action against U.S. trading partners—by signing a presidential memorandum directing the United States Trade Representative to determine whether China's treatment of U.S. intellectual property warranted investigation under Section 301 et seq. of the Trade Act of 1974.

scholarly journals Quebec’s Economic and Commercial Linkages with the United States, 1994–2017

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl H. Fry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the ebb and flow of the Quebec government’s economic and commercial relations with the United States in the period 1994–2017. The topic demonstrates the impact of three major forces on Quebec’s economic and commercial ties with the US: (1) the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which became operational in 1994 and was fully implemented over a 15-year period; (2) the onerous security policies put in place by the US government in the decade following the horrific events of 11 September 2001; and (3) changing economic circumstances in the United States ranging from robust growth to the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The article also indicates that the Quebec government continues to sponsor a wide range of activities in the United States, often more elaborate and extensive than comparable activities pursued by many nation-states with representation in the US. 1 1 Stéphane Paquin, ‘Quebec-U.S. Relations: The Big Picture’, American Review of Canadian Studies 46, no. 2 (2016): 149–61.

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