Autism and Suicide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Shtayermman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Methodological Challenges

This article reviews the changes in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)-5. It reviews the risk factors associated with suicide in the general population and the link between these risk factors and individuals on the autism spectrum. When discussing autism and suicide (as a spectrum), the complexities that the two present influence parents, researchers, and practitioners. As an added dimension of convolution, there are only a small number of published studies in the area of autism and suicide, and many have marked the importance of awareness and connection between autism and suicide. The article presents the most recent and available research on ASDs and suicide. Methodological challenges related to these studies will be discussed as well as the implications for research, practice, and education.

Rate and Risk Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2112-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Danzer ◽  
Casey Hoffman ◽  
Jo Ann D’Agostino ◽  
Judith S. Miller ◽  
Lindsay N. Waqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Tager-Flusberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Identifying risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders is an important line of research, as it will lead to earlier identification of children who could benefit from interventions that support optimal developmental outcomes. The primary goal of this review was to summarize research on risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method The review focused on studies of infants who have older siblings with ASD, with particular emphasis on risk factors associated with language impairment that affects the majority of children with ASD. Findings from this body of work were compared to the literature on specific language impairment. Results A wide range of risk factors has been found for ASD, including demographic (e.g., male, family history), behavioral (e.g., gesture, motor) and neural risk markers (e.g., atypical lateralization for speech and reduced functional connectivity). Environmental factors, such as caregiver interaction, have not been found to predict language outcomes. Many of the risk markers for ASD are also found in studies of risk for specific language impairment, including demographic, behavioral, and neural factors. Conclusions There are significant gaps in the literature and limitations in the current research that preclude direct cross-syndrome comparisons. Future research directions are outlined that could address these limitations.

scholarly journals Aging With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploration of Physical Activity Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
Danielle Waldron ◽  
Beth Dugan ◽  
Jeffrey Stokes ◽  
Caitlin Coyle ◽  
John Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participate in physical activity (PA) infrequently compared to adults in the general population. This is problematic as individuals with ASD suffer from disproportionate physical and mental health co-morbidities as well as diminished life expectancy, but do not reap the physical and mental health benefits of PA. This study used data from the National Core Indicators-In Person Consumer Survey (n=4,370; age: 18-78) to analyze factors associated with both aerobic PA and muscle strengthening (MS) activity in adults with ASD receiving state Developmental Disability Services. This research used multilevel logistic regression modeling, with mediation and moderation analyses to explore personal and environmental factors associated with PA/MS in this population. Findings indicated the following significant associations between community engagement and PA and MS: community contact (OR=1.17; p<0.001; OR=1.07; p<0.001), community group participation (OR=1.83; p<0.001; OR=1.91; p<0.001), and employment/day program participation (OR=1.32; p<0.05; OR=1.32; p<0.001). Additionally, at older ages, participants were less likely to engage in PA and MS three or more times a week (OR=0.99; p<0.05; OR=0.99; p<0.05). These findings indicate that increasing age is associated with decreased PA and MS activity in this group, while community engagement may facilitate their PA and MS activity. While much remains unknown about the population aging with ASD, it is evident that they suffer from poorer health than the general population and have experienced lifelong difficulties with socialization and communication. Greater access to community engagement opportunities may promote this population’s healthy aging, as well as support their unique social needs.

scholarly journals The Alert Collector: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Guide to the Latest Resources

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Michele Frasier-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

Since the early 1990s there has been a steady escalation in the numbers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—today it is considered the fastest growing developmental disability in the United States. In 2010, it was estimated that 1 in 68 children were affected by autism spectrum disorder. This is an increase of approximately 120 percent from the data collected ten years earlier. Identifying it as one of six neurodevelopmental disorders, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) describes autism spectrum disorder as “a series of developmental disabilities characterized by impaired social communication and interaction skills, accompanied by the existence of repetitive behaviors or activities, such as rocking movements, hand clapping or obsessively arranging personal belongings.”

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Past, Present, and Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Mirenda
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Social Communication Disorder

Abstract This paper describes recent changes to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) that may affect AAC service availability to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Social Communication Disorder, a new diagnostic category. In addition, it provides a summary of research on the proportion of individuals with ASD who do not develop functional speech and, thus, rely on AAC. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of conventional literacy instruction for this population, with specific attention to the need to provide alternatives to handwriting, based on recent research.

scholarly journals Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review for the years 2003–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ng ◽  
Joanne de Montigny ◽  
Marianna Ofner ◽  
Minh Do
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chemical Factors

Introduction The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rapidly rising in the past decade. The etiology of this disorder, however, is largely unknown, although the environmental relative to the genetic contribution is substantial. We conducted a scoping review to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the environmental factors present from preconception to early life associated with ASD, and to identify research gaps. Methods We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ERIC for articles on potential risk factors or protective factors from the physical and social environments associated with ASD and its subclassifications published between 1 January, 2003, and 12 July, 2013. We categorized articles into broad themes: chemical, physiological, nutritional and social factors, based on environmental exposure. Results We identified over 50 000 publications, but after ineligible studies were screened out, 315 articles remained. Most of these studies examined physiological factors, followed closely by chemical factors, and to a much lesser extent, nutritional and social factors, associated with ASD. Despite a vast literature and many heterogeneous studies, several risk factors emerged consistently: chemical factors such as traffic-related air pollutants; physiological factors including advanced parental age, preterm birth, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia and clustering of pregnancy complications; and maternal immigrant status. Despite extensive research on vaccines, findings overwhelmingly demonstrate no support for an association with ASD. Conclusion The lack of consistency, temporality and specificity of associations between environmental factors and ASD remains the largest barrier to establishing causal relationships. More robust research is required to resolve inconsistencies in the literature. Future research should explore underlying mechanisms of associations between the risk factors that we identified and ASD.

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