4. Shedding light on the clock

Circadian Rhythms: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198717683.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 45-61

Author(s):

Russell G. Foster ◽

Leon Kreitzman

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽

Human Body ◽

Circadian Clocks ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Over Time ◽

Daily Patterns

Most circadian clocks make use of a sun-based mechanism as the primary entraining signal to lock the internal day to the astronomical day. For nearly four billion years, dawn and dusk has been the main zeitgeber that allows entrainment. Circadian clocks are not exactly 24 hours. So to prevent daily patterns of activity and rest from freerunning over time, light can reset the clock. ‘Shedding light on the clock’ explains that the main circadian clock has been located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. This also regulates the activity of the autonomic nervous system, but there are clocks in virtually every cell in the human body. Other zeitgebers include food, physical exercise, and temperature.

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Nonlinearity and fractality in the variability of cardiac period in the lizard, Gallotia galloti: effects of autonomic blockade

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.90391.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 295 (4) ◽

pp. R1282-R1289

Author(s):

Luis De Vera ◽

Alejandro Santana ◽

Julian J. Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Chaotic Behavior ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Fractal Properties ◽

Adrenergic Activity ◽

Autonomic Blockade ◽

Cardiac Period ◽

Over Time ◽

Gallotia Galloti

Both nonlinear and fractal properties of beat-to-beat R-R interval variability signal (RRV) of freely moving lizards ( Gallotia galloti) were studied in baseline and under autonomic nervous system blockade. Nonlinear techniques allowed us to study the complexity, chaotic behavior, nonlinearity, stationarity, and regularity over time of RRV. Scaling behavior of RRV was studied by means of fractal techniques. The autonomic nervous system blockers used were atropine, propranolol, prazosin, and yohimbine. The nature of RRV was linear in baseline and under β-, α1- and α2-adrenoceptor blockades. Atropine changed the linear nature of RRV to nonlinear and increased its stationarity, regularity and fractality. Propranolol increased the complexity and chaotic behavior, and decreased the stationarity, regularity, and fractality of RRV. Both prazosin and yohimbine did not change any of the nonlinear and fractal properties of RRV. It is suggested that 1) the use of both nonlinear and fractal analysis is an appropriate approach for studying cardiac period variability in reptiles; 2) the cholinergic activity, which seems to make the α1-, α2- and β-adrenergic activity interaction unnecessary, determines the linear behavior in basal RRV; 3) fractality, as well as both RRV regularity and stationarity over time, may result from the balance between cholinergic and β-adrenergic activities opposing actions; 4) β-adrenergic activity may buffer both the complexity and chaotic behavior of RRV, and 5) neither the α1- nor the α2-adrenergic activity seem to be involved in the mediation of either nonlinear or fractal components of RRV.

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Assessing Somatosensory Profiles and Autonomic Nervous System Responses in Physical Exercise Studies

Functional Neuroimaging in Exercise and Sport Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-1-4614-3293-7_7 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 155-168

Author(s):

Michael Valet ◽

Till Sprenger ◽

Lukas Scheef ◽

Henning Boecker

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Autonomic Nervous

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Influences of lifestyle factors on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity over time

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mandy Xian Hu ◽

Femke Lamers ◽

Eco J.C. de Geus ◽

Brenda W.J.H. Penninx

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽

System Activity ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Over Time

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Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of Spontaneous Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Eye Movements

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1965.20.3c.1225 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1225-1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Frank E. Hustmyer ◽

J. Alan Burdick

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

System Activity ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Over Time

Spontaneous autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity (GSR) was recorded during rest, and frequency of horizontal eye movements was recorded during the viewing of two different dot patterns by 14 Ss. The same tasks were repeated after a 2- to 4-mo. period. ANS activity during rest was found to be quite consistent over time ( rho = .75, p < .01) as were eye movements. The within-session rho between eye movements on the patterns was .30 (N.S.) for the first session and .76 ( p < .01) for the second session. The rhos of eye movements obtained 2 to 4 mo. apart were .58 ( p < .05) for a 6-dot stimulus and .77 ( p < .01) for a 1-dot stimulus. When eye movements for the 2 conditions were combined, rho was .78 ( p < .01) between the sessions separated by 2 to 4 mo.

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Temperature of representative areas of the breast department of the vegetative nervous system as the index of human organism functional state

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Problems of Physiological Functions Regulation ◽

10.17721/2616_6410.2017.23.27-33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

S. Goncharevskyi ◽

M. Makarchuk ◽

V. Martynyuk

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Functional State ◽

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Human Organism ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Almost all processes in the human body in one way or another connected with the autonomic nervous system. That's why it is real to evaluate the functional state of the person by temperature characteristics of representative points of the autonomic nervous system. Location and information of these points are confirmed by fundamental research. However, simply measuring the temperature at some points may not be sufficient to establish any systematic changes in the human body. The establishment of such changes requires systematic assessment of interdependent significant relationships between these parameters.The main aim of our research was to study effects of myocardial infarction in the thoracic region of the autonomic nervous system. The temperature of representative areas of the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340 , with an accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). Statistical analysis was conducted in the packet Statistics 10. The presence of a difference in the temperature coefficients of representative areas (p<0,05). For the left side of the spine characterized by a difference in Th1–Th5 segments, which confirms their diagnosis: Th1 – 0,931,12 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th2 – 1,571,12 and -0,486,70, Th3 – 1,582611,12325 and -0,663,36, Th4 – 0,85913 0,92611 and -1,74,64, Th5 – 0,923480,75469 and-1,615,73 respectively. For the right side of the thoracic spines: Th6 – 0,850,73 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th7 – -1,000,79 and -1,370,69, Th8 – -0,960,73 and -0,990,68, Th9 – -0,120,64 and -0,380,83, Th10 – -0,921,14 and -1,031,00, Th11 – -1,691,05 and -1,861,06, Th12- -1,651,15 and -1,961,12 respectively. We found that myocardial infarction is manifested in the thoracic spine. In an experimental group there is significant difference of temperature in all segments. We can also notice asymmetry of temperatue between the right and left side of the spine. In the test group there are a deviation from the normal temperature in the first five thoracic segments on the left side, which confirms their diagnosis. On the right side of the spine there are a deviation in the last seven segments, which may indicate the compensatory mechanisms of regulation of the system. We can observe the temperature asymmetry, which in long-term exposure can negatively affect to the body.

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