3. What shapes epidemics?

2016 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Alan Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Viral Strain ◽  
Exposed Individual ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Partner Exchange ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Hiv Aids

‘What shapes epidemics’ investigates links between HIV/AIDS and certain biological, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors. The main biomedical drivers of HIV/AIDS (after contact with the virus) are the subtype of the viral strain, and the health status and genetic makeup of the exposed individual. Key behavioural factors are the age of sexual debut, sexual practices, number of partners, frequency of partner exchange, concurrency, and mixing patterns including intergenerational sex. People’s behaviour may determine their risk of infection, but behaviours result from the environment in which people live and operate, which is dependent on economics, politics, and culture. Despite the improving technical and biomedical responses, the real challenge is to reduce risk.

Unprotected Sexual Practices Among Men Who Have Sex with Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Siqueira Julio ◽  
Ruth Khalili Friedman ◽  
Cynthia B. Cunha ◽  
Raquel Brandini De Boni ◽  
Sandra Wagner Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals A study on knowledge attitude and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among general population in a community of Kottarakkara, Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Nimmy N. John ◽  
Athira Krishnan Krishnan ◽  
H. Doddayya
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS epidemic has emerged as one of the most serious and enormous health problems associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. A prospective questionnaire based observational study was carried out in Kottathala community of Mylom Gramapanchayat, Kottarakkara to analyse the peoples knowledge on HIV/AIDS, as well as attitudes towards HIV patients and actual sex practices for the control or prevention of HIV.Methods: A total of 150 participants were interviewed by using a predesigned questionnaire and responses were reviewed and analysed by using descriptive statistics namely total numbers and percentage.Results: Out of 150 participants females were more (84%) and most of them were under the age group of 18-30 years. Majority of the participants had higher degree of education (51.33%) as they are still youth. The overall participants had a higher degree of knowledge regarding HIV and most of them had a positive attitude towards the HIV patients. Around 84% of participants had history of sexual intercourse but majority of them (46%) never used condoms during sexual intercourse in which, 11.33% only using condom regularly. Most of them were following unsafe sexual practices.Conclusions: This study concludes that the surveyed general populations had high knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and had risky sexual practices. 

scholarly journals Risky sexual behavior in adolescents does not depend on the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e491101321468
Author(s):  
Jéssica Kelly Ramos Cordeiro ◽  
Waleska Fernanda Souto Nóbrega ◽  
Milena Edite Casé de Oliveira ◽  
Kedma Anne Lima Gomes ◽  
Tiago Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: to assess the knowledge and practices of adolescent students in relation to HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, which included twelve public schools from seven cities in Rio Grande do Norte, with a sample of 623 individuals. Two electronic and interactive questionnaires were used for data collection. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25.0® and Stata 14.0. For the analysis of associated factors, the Item Response Theory was used. The project of this study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Protocol No. 99473118.2.0000.5292. Results: The participants who achieved the highest means of knowledge level were female (6.04 ± 4.47), with a partner (6.13 ± 4.49), white (6.10 ± 4.46) and received financial assistance from the government (6.72 ± 4.40). Most teenagers reported that they had already had their first sexual intercourse. Of those who continued to have sex in the last 6 months, only 31.3% used a condom. Final considerations: Adolescents have a considerable level of knowledge about the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, but their sexual practices do not follow the recommended preventive measures.

scholarly journals Exploring sexual practices of South African soldiers to determine their vulnerability to the human immune-deficiency virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela De Jong ◽  
Deléne Visser
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Risks ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
International Peacekeeping ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although HIV occurs in all social groups in South African society, certain populations are more vulnerable to HIV through risky behaviour patterns. Of relevance to the present study are the high risk situations that deployed soldiers are exposed to. Three issues indicated the necessity for a study of this kind to be conducted; (a) the statistics pointing to a higher incidence of HIV infections among military personnel than among the general population, (b) military personnel’s unique vulnerability profile, and (c) the South African National Defence Force’s (SANDF) increasing participation in international peacekeeping missions. The knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning HIV/AIDS of deployed soldiers were analysed. Results indicated that soldiers were taking sexual risks, although they had high levels of knowledge and had healthy attitudes concerning HIV/AIDS.

Knowledge Attitudes and Sexual Practices of Medical Students towards HIV/AIDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cox ◽  
G. Reid ◽  
R. Arscott ◽  
J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Risk behavior on HIV transmission in independent elderly people

10.3823/2467 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia Galvão Lucena Ferreira ◽  
Haydêe Cassé da Silva ◽  
Antonia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Laura de Sousa Gomes Veloso ◽  
Alinne Beserra de Lucena Marcolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Independent Elderly ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective:  The objective was to know the risk behavior of independent elderly people in DST / HIV / AIDS prevention. Method: Exploratory study with quantitative data approach. Sample was composed of 24 independent elderly people without diagnosis. An elaborate semi-structured interview script was used. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, using chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: We found 87% female, age group between 60-69 years (62%) and marital status widow (43%).Of the sample, 87% reported knowing the means of transmission of the virus, 79% reported not using condoms and all had some sexual intercourse without the use of condoms.The analysis between the dependent variable "knows how to transmit HIV" and independent "condom use" showed statistical significance (p = 0.014). Conclusion: It can be inferred that there was a high risk behavior for HIV / AIDS virus acquisition in this sample, since they did not use condoms in their sexual practices, even if they had knowledge about the forms of virus transmission. Descriptors: Aging. Risk groups. HIV. Elderly.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS among the elderly: stigmas in healthcare work and training

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnia Brunelli Cassétte ◽  
Leandro César da Silva ◽  
Ezequiel Elias Azevedo Alves Felício ◽  
Lissa Araújo Soares ◽  
Rhariany Alves de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Healthcare Work ◽  
And Training ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract The number of HIV/AIDs diagnoses among the elderly is currently increasing both in Brazil and on a global level. The present article describes the results of a qualitative study which aimed to assess the role of health professionals on elderly patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS receiving treatment via the public health service. Nine professionals who made up a specialized HIV/AIDS service in a medium-sized city in the state of Minas Gerais were interviewed. Their statements were subjected to content analysis, and the results suggested that according to the perceptions of the health professionals, the main impacts of the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS are linked to isolation, loneliness, prejudice, fear of revealing the diagnosis and the decrease or interruption of sexual practices. The professionals reported being overburdened both psychologically and in terms of workload, having difficulty addressing aspects of sexuality and sexual practices with the elderly, and admitted to possessing certain stereotypes and prejudices related to HIV/AIDS and the sexuality of the elderly. Through results analysis, it was concluded that the stigma and prejudice related to HIV and the sexuality of the elderly are intimately present in the work processes of the professionals interviewed, impacting on the treatment of such individuals and interfering with their health and illness processes. The discussion of these aspects should be included in health training strategies.

scholarly journals Behavioral factors contributing to the transmission of HIV and AIDS amongst young women of Mbabane in Swaziland

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2302-2311
Author(s):  
Johanes A Belle ◽  
Nokuthula N Gamedze
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV and AIDS remains a pandemic that has greatly affected many regions and countries in the world. Africa is the hardest hit region by tthis disease while southern Africa appears to be the melting pot for HIV and AIDS. The HIV and AIDS pandemic remains the greatest sustainable human development and public health challenge for Swaziland. Swaziland is the world’s worst affected country with the youth the most vulnerable group to HIV and AIDS due to many factors.Objectives:’Methods: This study investigated the behavioral factors that contributed to the transmission of HIV and AIDS among female youth of Mbabane in Swaziland and to suggest measures that could encourage positive female youth behavior change in order to mitigate the spread and impacts of the pandemic. The study used a qualitative research approach in order to gain an in-depth experience of female youths in Mabane. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which were distributed to 210 randomly sampled females aged 16 to 24 years in Mbabane and who attended Mbabane Public Health Unit. The Behavior Change Communication (BCC) theoretical framework was usedin order to contextualize the study.Results: Most respondents were female-single youth (64%), almost half (45%) had a high school education and most were unemployed (57%) with little or no source of income. The majority (88%) were sexually active and the main sources of HIV/AIDS transmission was through sex. For many (52%) health facilities were their main source of HIV and AIDS information. The majority (97%) were knowledgeable about HIV and AIDS, but casual sex, inconsistent condom usage and early sexual debut among others were still prevalent indicating resistance to behavior change.Conclusion: The findings indicated that though the majority of the respondents had knowledge of HIV and AIDS, positive behavior change remained a challenge. Most respondents (88%) had one sexual partner with 38% reporting condom use during their last sexual encounter. HIV/AIDS awareness was widespread. However, there were still characteristics of resistance to behavior change, because there was evidence of underestimation of HIV risk through engagement in behavior, which contributed to HIV infection and spread.Behavioral change measures using the BCC model is proposed.Keywords: BCC Model, behavior change, HIV, AIDS, youth, Swaziland.

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