3. The synthesis and analysis of organic compounds

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Graham Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

The design of novel medicines, insecticides, perfumes, flavourings, or polymeric materials relies crucially on organic chemists. ‘The synthesis and analysis of organic compounds’ outlines how the synthesis of an organic compound is devised to ensure that each atom is in the correct position within the molecule. It explains retrosynthesis and how reactions are carried out and monitored using chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Once a reaction has been carried out, it is necessary to isolate and purify the reaction product. The structure of the end product needs to be analysed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Another important part of organic chemistry is understanding how reactions take place.

scholarly journals Purity Specifications of Constituents of Cinnamon Essential Oil by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Hicham Boughendjioua ◽  
Nadia Amoura ◽  
Zahra Boughendjioua
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Three main tools are used to determine the structures of organic molecules. These tools are infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Organic molecules absorb light (infrared, ultraviolet, etc.) at particular wavelengths based on different vibrational modes unique to the specific functional groups and structural features. In the present study, the volatile compounds of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were detected and identified by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. FTIR allowed us to identify 10 volatile compounds and indicated than the functional groups of the essential oils are CHx, C=C and C=O.

scholarly journals Metabolomic research in medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Furina ◽  
N N Mitrakova ◽  
V L Ryzhkov ◽  
I K Safiullin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Volatile Organic

The paper covers the questions of metabolomic research in medicine. The central idea of metabolomics is to identify the specific biomarkers in biological samples for diagnosis of a number of conditions. The biomarkers include volatile organic compounds - metabolites isolated from various tissues and biological fluids (blood, urine, sputum, exhaled air). Main methods of separation and identification of volatile organic compounds (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) applied in metabolomics, are reviewed. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are compared as the main methods of volatile metabolites detection. The method of solid phase microextraction, used for sample preparation, is described. The paper reviews laboratory research results aimed at the detection of cancer, chronic infections and inherited diseases biomarkers. The qualitative characteristics of biological sample metabolome taken from patients with different diseases are discussed. Besides, special attention is paid to the possible use of metabolomics in experimental medicine. The results of volatile metabolome changes in cell culture in vitro depending on the additives to nutrient media, β-carotene volatile decomposition products as suspected carcinogens, volatile organic compounds emitted at vertebrates decay are described. In addition, the method of two-dimensional gas chromatography aimed to increase the sensitivity and specificity of metabolomics tests is portrayed. The presented approach adds to early diagnosis of a number of diseases.

scholarly journals N,N-Bis(Hexyl α-d-Acetylmannosyl) Acrylamide

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1255 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. M1255
Author(s):  
Atsushi Miyagawa ◽  
Shinya Ohno ◽  
Hatsuo Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Acrylamide Monomer

Glycosyl monomers for the assembly of multivalent ligands are typically synthesized using carbohydrates with biological functions and polymerizable functional groups such as acrylamide or styrene introduced into the carbohydrate aglycon, and monomers polymerized using a radical initiator. Herein, we report the acryloylation of 6-aminohexyl α-mannoside and its conversion into the glycosyl monomer bearing an acrylamide group. The general acryloylation procedure afforded the desired N-hexyl acetylmannosyl acrylamide monomer as well as an unexpected compound with a close Rf value. The compounds were separated and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, which revealed the unknown compound to be the bivalent N,N-bis(hexyl α-d-acetylmannosyl) acrylamide monomer, which contains two hexyl mannose units and one acrylamide group. To the best of our knowledge, this side reaction has not previously been disclosed, and may be useful for the construction of multivalent sugar ligands.

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Using Aluminum Salen-Type Initiators

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Jing Tian ◽  
Zhi Qi Cao ◽  
Ru Xia Xu ◽  
Zhen Zhen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Aluminum Complex

In this investigation, Schiff bases aluminum complex was synthesized and used as the initiator in the polymerization of D,L-lactide. The aluminum complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The influences of different factors, including reaction time, reaction temperature, and the ratio of D, L-lactide/Al3+ on the synthesis of polylactide were described. The results showed that Schiff bases aluminum complex could be successfully applied in the ring opening polymerization. The optimum condition of the ring opening polymerization of D,L-lactide, which included D,L-lactide/Al3+ (mol/mol) ratio of 250, reaction temperature of 120 °C, and reaction time of 16 hours.

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