4. Electric blue

2014 ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Christopher Hall
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Electrical Behaviour ◽  
Semiconductor Technology ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Michael Faraday

‘Electric blue’ is concerned with electricity that can drive devices and machines to produce light, sound, and movement, and the appearance of materials, which can be transparent, opaque, shiny, and of different colours. The electrical inventions of Thomas Edison and discoveries of Michael Faraday, Werner von Siemens, and Heinrich Hertz were important, but it was the quantum theory of electrons in solids that explained much of the electrical behaviour of materials. It underpins semiconductor technology, and all its pervasive consequences. Conductivity and resistivity of materials, superconductors, and magnetic fields are considered along with computational models that represent processes in virtual materials where many things are happening simultaneously and at many scales.

scholarly journals Submillimeter Array Observations of Magnetic Fields in Star Forming Regions

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S270) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
R. Rao ◽  
J.-M. Girart ◽  
D. P. Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Low Mass

AbstractThere have been a number of theoretical and computational models which state that magnetic fields play an important role in the process of star formation. Competing theories instead postulate that it is turbulence which is dominant and magnetic fields are weak. The recent installation of a polarimetry system at the Submillimeter Array (SMA) has enabled us to conduct observations that could potentially distinguish between the two theories. Some of the nearby low mass star forming regions show hour-glass shaped magnetic field structures that are consistent with theoretical models in which the magnetic field plays a dominant role. However, there are other similar regions where no significant polarization is detected. Future polarimetry observations made by the Submillimeter Array should be able to increase the sample of observed regions. These measurements will allow us to address observationally the important question of the role of magnetic fields and/or turbulence in the process of star formation.

Ørsted, Hans Christian (1777–1851)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Michael Faraday

Hans Christian Ørsted, the Danish chemist and physicist, discovered electromagnetism in 1820. This epochal discovery fundamentally changed the development of physical science, leading to the ground-breaking research of Michael Faraday, Andre-Marie Ampere, James Clerk Maxwell, Heinrich Hertz, Albert Einstein, and others. In his scientific work, Ørsted espoused a dynamical theory of matter which had its roots in Immanuel Kant’s metaphysics of nature, and he remained committed to the belief in the fundamental interconnection of natural forces, a commitment that can be traced back to his religious instruction as a youth and to Friedrich von Schelling’s Naturphilosophie. During the early years of his career, he strove to provide a rigorous metaphysical foundation for the science of chemistry. Throughout his life and scientific work, Ørsted understood natural laws and phenomena to be the rational revelation of God, and sought to develop a unified view of nature reflecting this belief.

Nanobiosensing with target amplification, and nanoswimmers can be controlled by magnetic fields and facilitate gene therapy and nanomedicine applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Rotating Magnetic Field ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Learning Approaches

Nanobiosensing with target amplification is one such example. In this scenario, "activator" nanoparticles stimulate the target location, such as a tumor, resulting in spatial amplification of a tumor-triggered phenomenon-of-interest (POI). The typical targeting approach, which relies on the human vascular system to transport nanoparticles, is inefficient and is considered a brute-force search from a computing standpoint. By evaluating the observable properties of these nanoswimmers, which are controlled by magnetic fields created by electromagnetic coils, an external tracking system is utilized to explore the tissue environment. The stochastic movement of numerous loosely connected, disc-shaped components in the system results in deterministic locomotion. When each component is programmed to oscillate omnidirectionally along its radius, expanding and contracting in response to varying environmental signals, the system can collectively locomote towards the source of the environmental signal. The main goal is to enable interoperability while developing multiple simulation components for computational nanobiosensing with different and non-interoperable interfaces. The accuracy of the computational models and algorithms should be tested utilizing multi-physics in silico platforms that simulate the targeting of externally manipulable or self-regulatable nanorobots. To minimize the rates of erroneous and missed detection, "natural" deep learning approaches might be used to train mathematical models for in vivo target identification. The particle stretching approach for creating worm-like structures capable of low-Reynolds-number propulsion when actuated by a rotating magnetic field is one possibility. To replicate the function of an MRI, a sensor array made up of several magnetoresistive sensors might be utilized to precisely place nanorobots. Such systems would also need to be developed in three dimensions, with more complicated locomotive behavior of components and aggregates inside blood flows. In conclusion, computational nanobiosensing is to improve in vivo POI targeting and understanding of POI-induced gradients.

Quantum Theory of an Electron Gas in Intense Magnetic Fields

1968 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Canuto ◽  
Hong-Yee Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electron Gas

Quantum theory of electrons in helical magnetic fields

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 5507-5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Magnetic Fields

scholarly journals Uma análise histórica da construção de significados físicos para o conceito de potencial vetor no eletromagnetismo clássico

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-822
Author(s):  
Aldo Aoyagui Gomes Pereira ◽  
Cibelle Celestino Silva
Keyword(s):  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Heinrich Hertz ◽  
Michael Faraday

Atualmente o conceito de potencial vetor é geralmente tratado nos livros-texto e ensinado nos cursos universitários de eletromagnetismo como um artifício matemático para o cálculo dos campos elétrico e magnético. Porém, a investigação histórica da origem e desenvolvimento deste conceito, principalmente nos trabalhos de Michael Faraday e James Clerk Maxwell, nos deu indícios de que estes cientistas atribuíam significados físicos e análogos mecânicos a grandezas que atualmente recebem a denominação de potencial vetor. No contexto no qual estes cientistas trabalhavam, segunda metade de século XIX, a comunidade científica considerava que os fenômenos eletromagnéticos ocorriam em um éter com propriedades mecânicas e que as grandezas eletromagnéticas deveriam ter análogos mecânicos. No final deste mesmo século, alguns físicos, entre eles, Oliver Heaviside e Heinrich Hertz, reformularam a teoria de Maxwell, abandonando a interpretação física dada por Maxwell ao potencial vetor. Neste trabalho, discutimos sinteticamente como se deu esse processo de mudança. Para isso, realizamos um estudo histórico pautado em fontes primárias e secundárias sobre o assunto e, por último, investigamos a abordagem usada em alguns livros-texto de eletromagnetismo no ensino deste conceito. Apresentamos ainda, indícios de que o abandono da interpretação física ao conceito de potencial vetor esteve associado a posturas filosóficas e metodológicas, bem como ao interesse em solucionar problemas práticos, na recente indústria de cabos telegráficos na Grã-Bretanha do século XIX.

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