Prospectus

The most direct way to see what has gone wrong is to examine one of the “small metaphysics” difficulties that originally spawned theory T thinking. A paradigm exemplar can be found within the doctrinal tensions that Heinrich Hertz located within the elementary tenets of classical physics (a circumstance that is labeled as “the Mystery of Physics 101” here). Although seemingly innocuous in character, Hertz realized that these ambiguities impede a clear articulation of the conservation of energy and allied doctrines. He further recognized that these problems do not reside within simple misunderstandings of component words (such as “force”) but instead are holistically suffused through a much broader canvas of interlocked doctrine. The corrective cure he advocated attempts to whittle down such an overextended system to a self-consistent and axiomatized core. This two-pronged program—the rejection of individual word analysis and its pragmatic replacement by a single-leveled axiomatic corrective—forms the original inspiration for Carnap’s anti-metaphysical attitudes and the theory T conceptions of “rigor” that continue to dominate analytic philosophical presumption to the present day.

Imitation of Rigor

J. L. Austin has written of “the blinding veil of ease and obviousness that hides the mechanisms of the natural successful act.” By revisiting a classic “small metaphysics” puzzle drawn from physics that launched a thousand ships of grander philosophizing, Imitation of Rigor employs recent insights into the architectures of effective reasoning as a means of explicating how Austin’s covert “mechanisms” operate in concrete terms. By these means, the book attempts to reconnect analytic philosophy with the evolving practicalities within science from which many of its grander concerns originally sprang. In doing so, it provides an “alternative history” of how the subject might have developed had the diagnostic insights of its philosopher/scientist forebears (e.g. Heinrich Hertz and Ernst Mach) not been cast aside in the vain pursuit of inappropriate standards of “ersatz rigor.”

Heinrich Hertz: de la física a la filosofía de la física.

1. Un espíritu talentoso: “Cualquier cosa escrita por él es de interés”. 2. Preámbulos de una prodigiosa vocación científica y filosófica. 3. Berlín: Von Helmholtz y las dos Formas de la electrodinámica. 4. Karlsruhe: Las ondas electromagnéticas y su conversión conceptual. 5. Bonn: Los Principios De Mecánica y la pérdida del mundo en la imagen. 6. Conclusión

Relative Humidity: A Control Valve of the Steam Engine Climate

In the words of Heinrich Hertz in 1885, the Earth is a “gigantic steam engine”. On average, of the planet’s cross section exposed to sunlight, 72 % belong to the global ocean. With a delay of only 2-3 months, most of the heat absorbed there is released by evaporation rather than by thermal radiation. Water vapour is the dominating “greenhouse gas” of the marine troposphere with a typical relative humidity (RH) of 80 % at the surface. Observing the heat transport across the ocean surface permits insight in the powerhouse of the “steam engine”, controlled by the RH at the surface, a quantity that is often considered the “Cinderella” among the climate data. RH of the troposphere also controls cloud formation that is equally fundamental as challenging for climate research. As a precise and perfectly consistent thermodynamic basis for the description of such processes, the new oceanographic standard TEOS-10 was introduced by UNESCO/IOC in 2010 and IUGG in 2011. Its equations cover all thermodynamic properties of liquid water, seawater, ice and humid air, as well as their mutual equilibria and phase transitions. For harmonisation of the inconsistent RH definitions of humid air between meteorology and climatology, the relative fugacity has been defined as a physically more reasonable RH substitute that does not rely on the approximation of ideal gases. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-02-06 Full Text: PDF

Wireless Telegraphy

James Clerk Maxwell’s discovery of electromagnetic waves was proven experimentally by Heinrich Hertz. From then on here were numerous attempts to use electromagnetic waves for communications. A young Italian, Guglielmo Marconi, arrived in Britain and worked with the Post Office to gradually extend the radius within which radiation can be detected to several miles. By 1901 Marconi managed to send signals across the Atlantic. The sinking of the Titanic made it necessary to provide ships with wireless telegraphy and intercommunications. The need for amplifiers was satisfied by the birth of electronics. The rise of Germany as a great power is discussed.

Developing the hertz art–science project to allow inaudible sounds of the Earth and cosmos to be experienced

The Earth and atmosphere are in constant motion. Volcanoes, glaciers, earthquakes, thunderstorms, and even the aurora borealis produce powerful low-frequency sounds known as infrasound. Infrasound is constantly passing through our atmosphere at frequencies of less than 20 Hz, below the range of human hearing, which is effectively an inaudible symphony. Inspired by wanting to allow physical access to this natural phenomenon, a collaboration between the worlds of contemporary art and meteorology has been developed. This led to a project called hertz, named after the 19th century physicist Heinrich Hertz, whose surname provides the scientific unit (Hz) for frequency. Hertz explores the manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet and the secret harmonies of our stars. The manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet was principally achieved using a subwoofer and furniture adapted to vibrate to the amplitude of infrasonic waves from pre-recorded sources and in real time. The project's motivations are to explore new methods for experiencing and re-engaging with parts of our planet through this phenomenon. Hertz has had a UK national tour in which 7000 people interacted with the piece, of which approximately 85 % felt more reconnected to the environment after interacting with the installation. This paper describes the concepts, creative ideas, technology, and science behind the project. It addresses its development, including the steps to make it accessible for all, and examines its impact on those who created and interacted with the work.

Experimental Discovery of the Particle Properties of Gravity and Gravitons by Theoretical Investigation of the Bent Point of Space Time

As, it is known having more challenged on the wave or particle nature of light, from the theory of Newton to proof of its being wave by Huygens and also Young’s Double-slit experiment, more important ,Maxwell equations, all showed the nature of being wave of the light till Heinrich Hertz discovered photoelectric phenomenon and after that Einstein talked about the mathematic and quantum characteristics of this phenomenon, his explanations about this phenomenon showed failure of the characteristic of being wave of light in photoelectric explanation so double wave- particle characteristic failed in the scientific society. We all know that many of mass and energy fundamental systems have the same double characteristic of the light. The Photoelectric is the action of light and matter interactions that can prove the double light- particle nature because of inability of being wave principals of the light. Another one of the nature fundamental forces which many believed on its double wave- particle nature is gravity. In this essay we try to interpret the inability of wave nature of gravity in explanation of dark matter and we will see how the concept of invisible masses of the matter is the only action of the graviton interaction and proof of existence of constituent packs of gravity energy i.e. gravitons. Discovering this innovation is wonderful.