2. Modern

2014 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Mike Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Organized Sports

The late 19th century was a period of huge innovation and social change across a range of areas. Sport was a by-product of the industrial, transport, and urbanizing revolutions of the period. ‘Modern’ explains that once codified, rationalized, and organized, sports were dispersed on the lines of travel that linked cities with towns, colonies with the home nation, and marketplaces with the suppliers of raw materials. Games such as soccer, rugby, cricket, and baseball were commercialized and professionalized, but in all the changes and transformations as sport modernized and spread, key foundation ethics remained at the heart of what was meant and embodied by playing sport.

4. Revolutionary terrorism

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Charles Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Nation States

The word ‘revolutionary’ has been applied over the last century in three social-political contexts: within existing nation-states; in external colonial situations; and in ‘internal colonial’ situations where ethnic groups are oppressed by a majority group within a single area. ‘Revolutionary terrorism’ explores contrasting motives for revolution: social transformation, assertion of ethnic identity, and progressive ideology. Terrorism can be divided into two ages: the late 19th century to early 20th century, where the aim was to seize political power from the established regime to bring about profound political and social change; and the early 20th century onwards, on the sidelines of political action, a terrorism of resistance.

Material Analysis of the Late 19th Century Iron Based Heritage Listed Constructions

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Jaromir Audy ◽  
Katarina Audy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Iron Based

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document