scholarly journals Perspective: Measuring Sweetness in Foods, Beverages, and Diets: Toward Understanding the Role of Sweetness in Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R Trumbo ◽  
Katherine M Appleton ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
John E Hayes ◽  
David J Baer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Support Evidence

ABSTRACT Various global public health agencies recommend minimizing exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages. The underlying rationale is that reducing exposure to the perception of sweet tastes, without regard to the source of sweetness, may reduce preferences for sweetness, added sugar intake, caloric intake, and body weight. However, the veracity of this sequence of outcomes has yet to be documented, as revealed by findings from recent systematic reviews on the topic. Efforts to examine and document the effects of sweetness exposure are needed to support evidence-based recommendations. They require a generally agreed-upon methodology for measuring sweetness in foods, beverages, and the overall diet. Although well-established sensory evaluation techniques exist for individual foods in laboratory settings, they are expensive and time-consuming, and agreement on the optimal approach for measuring the sweetness of the total diet is lacking. If such a measure could be developed, it would permit researchers to combine data from different studies and populations and facilitate the design and conduct of new studies to address unresolved research questions about dietary sweetness. This narrative review includes an overview of available sensory techniques, their strengths and limitations, recent efforts to measure the sweetness of foods and diets across countries and cultures, and a proposed future direction for improving methods for measuring sweetness toward developing the data required to support evidence-based recommendations around dietary sweetness.

scholarly journals Non-Woven Materials for Cloth-Based Face Mask Inserts: Relationship Between Material Properties and Sub-Micron Aerosol Filtration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Crilley ◽  
Andrea Angelucci ◽  
Brian Malile ◽  
Cora J. Young ◽  
Trevor C. VandenBoer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aerosol Filtration ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Micron Particle ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

<div>Current guidance by leading public health agencies recommends wearing a 3-layer cloth-based face mask with a middle non-woven material insert to reduce the transmission of infectious respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2. In this work we explore the material characteristics for a range of readily available non-woven materials and their sub-micron particle filtration efficiency (PFE), with the aim of providing evidence-based guidelines for selecting appropriate materials as inserts in cloth-based masks. We observed a wide range of ideal PFE for the tested non-woven materials, with polypropylene, Swiffer and Rayon/polyester blend providing the highest PFE and breathability. Our results suggest that materials comprising loose 3D fibrous webs (e.g. flannel, Swiffer and gauze) exhibited enhanced filtration efficiency compared to compressed counterparts. Common modifications to fabrics, such as water-resistant treatment and a sewn seam were also investigated. Overall, we demonstrate that adding an appropriate non-woven material as an insert filter can significantly improve the performance of cloth-based masks, and there exist suitable cellulose-based alternatives to polypropylene.</div>

Potential global pandemics: the role of the WHO and other public health bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Glasper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
The University

In light of the emergence of the new coronavirus in China, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the response strategies adopted by international and national public health agencies

Accident prevention and health education: Back to the drawing board?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
I. Barry Pless
Keyword(s):  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Drawing Board ◽  
Change Health Behavior

Some ancient Japanese ivory carvings consist of an intricate, often two-faced exterior shell within which a second or even a third, equally complex, figure is embedded. In like fashion, two of the most important questions confronting pediatrics today are closely related and contain within them several other equally profound puzzles. The first is how to prevent accidents—the leading killer of children in our time. The other is how to change health behavior, not only to reduce accidents or their consequences, but also in hope of promoting life-styles that will lead to positive health in other spheres. A second layer of questions pertains to the role and responsibilities of the health profession relative to others and, within health, to the role of practicing physicians relative to public health agencies, both in accident prevention and health promotion.

The Role of Public Health Agencies in Convening Partnerships and Collaborations to Respond to the Opioid Crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Philicia Tucker ◽  
Michael R. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
State And Local ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This chapter presents the role that public health agencies play as leaders and/or conveners of partnerships and collaborations in responding to the opioid epidemic at the state and local levels. “Partnership” is defined as a continuum of relationships between two or more entities ranging from informal engagement around topics of interest to formal, structured memoranda of understanding or contracts that govern resource exchange, the various roles and responsibilities of the partners, and performance metrics or other accountability metrics. The work of partnerships around opioid use and addiction requires intentional engagement of a variety of groups, many of whom have not traditionally worked with public health agencies before. Examples of various partners and their roles in ending the crisis are presented. The chapter includes a discussion of what makes for successful partnerships and key considerations when engaging collaborators in developing shared goals and objectives.

scholarly journals Regulatory Framework for Conducting Clinical Research in Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josmar K. Alas ◽  
Glenys Godlovitch ◽  
Connie M. Mohan ◽  
Shelly A. Jelinski ◽  
Aneal A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Drug Regulations

AbstractResearch in human subjects is at the core of achieving improvements in health outcomes. For clinical trials, in addition to the peer review of the results before publication, it is equally important to consider whether the trial will be conducted in a manner that generates data of the highest quality and provides a measure of safety for the participating subjects. In Canada, there is no definitive legislation that governs the conduct of research involving human subjects, but a network of regulations at different levels does provide a framework for both principal investigators and sponsors. In this paper, we provide an overview of the federal, provincial and institutional legislation, guidelines and policies that will inform readers about the requirements for clinical trial research. This includes a review of the role of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act and the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), an overview of provincial legislation across the country, and a focus on selected policies from institutional research ethics boards and public health agencies. Many researchers may find navigation through regulations frustrating, and there is a paucity of information that explains the interrelationship between the different regulatory agencies in Canada. Better understanding the process, we feel, will facilitate investigators interested in clinical trials and also enhance the long-term health of Canadians.

Maximizing Infection Prevention in the Next Decade: Defining the Unacceptable

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Frieden
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Healthcare Associated

An important role of public health agencies is to define the unacceptable. This concept has particular relevance for healthcare-associated infections. Evidence indicates that, with focused efforts, these once-formidable infections can be greatly reduced in number, leading to a new normal for healthcare-associated infections as rare, unacceptable events.

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