scholarly journals Farmers' Perspectives on IPM Field Scouting During a Period of Insect Pest Range Expansion: A Case Study of Variant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Wisconsin

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Cullen ◽  
James K. Stute ◽  
Kara L. Raymond ◽  
Heather H. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm

scholarly journals Functional validation of DvABCB1 as a receptor of Cry3 toxins in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Niu ◽  
Adane Kassa ◽  
James Hasler ◽  
Samantha Griffin ◽  
Claudia Perez-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Functional Validation ◽  
Bt Toxins

Abstract Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious insect pest in the major corn growing areas of North America and in parts of Europe. WCR populations with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins utilized in commercial transgenic traits have been reported, raising concerns over their continued efficacy in WCR management. Understanding the modes of action of Bt toxins is important for WCR control and resistance management. Although different classes of proteins have been identified as Bt receptors for lepidopteran insects, identification of receptors in WCR has been limited with no reports of functional validation. Our results demonstrate that heterologous expression of DvABCB1 in Sf9 and HEK293 cells conferred sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of Cry3A toxins. The result was further validated using knockdown of DvABCB1 by RNAi which rendered WCR larvae insensitive to a Cry3A toxin. However, silencing of DvABCB2 which is highly homologous to DvABCB1 at the amino acid level, did not reduce the sensitivity of WCR larvae to a Cry3A toxin. Furthermore, our functional studies corroborate different mode-of-actions for other insecticidal proteins including Cry34Ab1/35Ab1, Cry6Aa1, and IPD072Aa against WCR. Finally, reduced expression and alternatively spliced transcripts of DvABCB1 were identified in a mCry3A-resistant strain of WCR. Our results provide the first clear demonstration of a functional receptor in the molecular mechanism of Cry3A toxicity in WCR and confirmed its role in the mechanism of resistance in a mCry3A resistant strain of WCR.

Strategies for controlling western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Széll ◽  
I. Zsellér ◽  
G. Ripka ◽  
J. Kiss ◽  
G. Princzinger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Small Plot

Western corn rootworm (WCR) first appeared in Europe near Belgrade airport in 1992. The first adult of this species was found near Mórahalom, in the southern part of Hungary, on 30th June 1995. Small-plot trials were started in Szeged (Cereal Research Non-Profit Co.) and large-scale trials in Mezohegyes (Ménesbirtok Ltd.) in 1996 to elaborate strategies to control this insect pest. To make the work more efficient, eight experts working at different institutions formed a team. At the same time, monitoring was begun on when and where the insect appeared and in what numbers. The experiments were adapted to the life cycle of the species. WCR has one generation per year, laying eggs that overwinter. Larvae begin to hatch in late May to mid-June. Adults emerge by mid-July and survive till early October. They lay eggs in abundance from mid-July to late August.  Trials were conducted to control WCR both with and without chemicals. For adult control pesticides were sprayed from an aircraft or using a field sprayer. Larval control involved seed treatment with insecticide or the use of soil insecticide at planting or at cultivation.

Oviposition site selected by the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte) in southern Ontario strip plots

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Knight ◽  
K. P. Pauls ◽  
M. K. Sears ◽  
A. W. Schaafsma
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Southern Ontario

Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera L., is the most serious insect pest of corn, Zea mays L., in North America. Crop rotation had successfully controlled this pest until the late 1980s when a new biotype that lays its eggs in non-corn crops was discovered in Illinois. This biotype has spread to parts of Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, and threatens Ontario. By using emergence cages, Pherocon Am® sticky traps and corn root ratings, egg-laying behaviour of WCR in Ontario was assessed in strip crop settings that represent typical cropping systems of southern Ontario. WCR adults were active in both soybean and winter wheat fields in July and August. Larval feeding and adult emergence in first-year corn fields following soybean and wheat were similar, confirming that oviposition did occur in both crops. These data do not, however, provide conclusive evidence for the presence of the rotation resistant WCR in Ontario because previous studies have demonstrated that WCR are capable of utilizing other crops for oviposition. Key words: Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, strip plots, corn, soybean, wheat (winter)

scholarly journals Parameters for Successful Parental RNAi as An Insect Pest Management Tool in Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Vélez ◽  
Elane Fishilevich ◽  
Natalie Matz ◽  
Nicholas Storer ◽  
Kenneth Narva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera

scholarly journals Binary Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Active against the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4889-4898 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Baum ◽  
Chi-Rei Chu ◽  
Mark Rupar ◽  
Gregory R. Brown ◽  
William P. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a significant pest of corn in the United States. The development of transgenic corn hybrids resistant to rootworm feeding damage depends on the identification of genes encoding insecticidal proteins toxic to rootworm larvae. In this study, a bioassay screen was used to identify several isolates of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis active against rootworm. These bacterial isolates each produce distinct crystal proteins with approximate molecular masses of 13 to 15 kDa and 44 kDa. Insect bioassays demonstrated that both protein classes are required for insecticidal activity against this rootworm species. The genes encoding these proteins are organized in apparent operons and are associated with other genes encoding crystal proteins of unknown function. The antirootworm proteins produced by B. thuringiensis strains EG5899 and EG9444 closely resemble previously described crystal proteins of the Cry34A and Cry35A classes. The antirootworm proteins produced by strain EG4851, designated Cry34Ba1 and Cry35Ba1, represent a new binary toxin. Genes encoding these proteins could become an important component of a sustainable resistance management strategy against this insect pest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Field Efficacy of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Synthetic Insecticides for the Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Špela Modic ◽  
Primož Žigon ◽  
Aleš Kolmanič ◽  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Jaka Razinger
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Corn Rootworm

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), is an important insect pest of maize in North America and Central and Eastern Europe. In Central Europe, the larvae emerge in May and its three instars feed intensively on maize roots in June, causing plant lodging that leads to a loss of economic yield. A three-year field experiment (2016–2018) was conducted to compare the effectiveness i) of soil-applied granular insecticide based on the active ingredient tefluthrin, ii) of maize seeds dressed with thiacloprid, and iii) entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, product Dianem) against WCR larvae. An additional treatment with alcohol ethoxylate (i.e., soil conditioner) mixed with entomopathogenic nematodes was performed in 2017 and 2018 to check for any increase of entomopathogenic nematodes’ effectiveness. Field tests were carried out in two fields infested naturally with a WCR pest population, one in Bučečovci (Eastern Slovenia) and the other in Šmartno pri Cerkljah (northern Slovenia), exhibiting dissimilar pedo-climatic conditions and soil pest densities. The treatments were performed in five replicates per experiment in each year. The efficacy of the treatments was very similar at both locations, despite the approximately five-fold lower WCR soil pest densities in northern than in eastern Slovenia, as well as being constant over time. The largest number of WCR beetles was observed in the negative control, followed by that of beetles subjected to thiacloprid treatment (insignificant decrease taking into account the entire three-year dataset). Treatments with tefluthrin (44.1 ± 11.7%), H. bacteriophora (46.2 ± 7.4%), and H. bacteriophora + alcohol ethoxylate (49.2 ± 1.8%) significantly decreased the numbers of emerging beetles. Treatments of thiacloprid, H. bacteriophora, and H. bacteriophora + alcohol ethoxylate additionally led to significantly increased maize plant weights. Furthermore, entomopathogenic nematodes were able to persist in maize fields for almost five months at both experimental locations in silty and sandy loam soils. It was concluded that the control of WCR larvae in maize using the entomopathogenic nematode H. bacteriophora is as effective as a tefluthrin treatment, and could thus offer a sustainable Diabrotica v. virgifera biological control management option in Europe.

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