Neuropathic orofacial pain in the older person: the role of advanced imaging

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of trigeminal nucleus caudalis orexin 1 receptors in orofacial pain transmission and in orofacial pain-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726106788.793550021 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luis de Lecea

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Orofacial Pain ◽

Trigeminal Nucleus ◽

Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis ◽

Pain Transmission

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727055320.793542836 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Ulrich Klein

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Advanced Imaging

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Sepsis in the older person

Nursing and Residential Care ◽

10.12968/nrec.2021.23.8.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tony Conner ◽

Juliana Thompson ◽

Sue Tiplady

Keyword(s):

Care Home ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Common Condition ◽

Older Person ◽

Valuable Contribution ◽

Older Population ◽

Care Home Staff ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Effective Care

Background: Sepsis is a common condition, with an estimated 30 million cases worldwide each year, resulting in 6 million sepsis-related deaths. Some 60% of all sepsis events and 80% of sepsis-associated deaths occur in the older population. This is because the ageing process, and the presence of multiple comorbidities, make many older people vulnerable to developing, and dying from, sepsis. However, serious illness and death from sepsis can be avoided if the signs and symptoms are identified quickly, and interventions started early. Methods: This article explains current research and guidelines with regard to the causes, recognition, treatment and prevention of sepsis in the older population, and considers the role of care home staff in supporting effective care of residents as risk of developing sepsis. Conclusions: Care home staff are well-positioned to recognise sepsis and contribute to treatment, as their in-depth knowledge of residents makes it easier for them to identify changes in residents' behaviours and health status, which may indicate sepsis. By taking steps to ensure the risk of developing infections is reduced, care home staff can make a valuable contribution to the prevention of sepsis.

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The Role of Multimodality Imaging in Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd9010012 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Manuela Muratori ◽

Laura Fusini ◽

Maria Elisabetta Mancini ◽

Gloria Tamborini ◽

Sarah Ghulam Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prosthetic Valve ◽

Multimodality Imaging ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Valve Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Imaging Approach ◽

Treatment Administration ◽

Life Threatening

Prosthetic valve (PV) dysfunction (PVD) is a complication of mechanical or biological PV. Etiologic mechanisms associated with PVD include fibrotic pannus ingrowth, thrombosis, structural valve degeneration, and endocarditis resulting in different grades of obstruction and/or regurgitation. PVD can be life threatening and often challenging to diagnose due to the similarities between the clinical presentations of different causes. Nevertheless, identifying the cause of PVD is critical to treatment administration (thrombolysis, surgery, or percutaneous procedure). In this report, we review the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of PVD. Specifically, this review discusses the characteristics of advanced imaging modalities underlying the importance of an integrated approach including 2D/3D transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography. In this scenario, it is critical to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each modality according to the suspected cause of PVD. In conclusion, for patients with suspected or known PVD, this stepwise imaging approach may lead to a simplified, more rapid, accurate and specific workflow and management.

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Hypothesis: The Role of Sterols in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2011/653570 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ryan W. Y. Lee ◽

Elaine Tierney

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sonic Hedgehog ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Opitz Syndrome ◽

Membrane Physiology

A possible role for sterols in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been proven, but studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), enable hypotheses on a causal relationship to be discussed. Advances in genetic technology coupled with discoveries in membrane physiology have led to renewed interest for lipids in the nervous system. This paper hypothesizes on the role of sterol dysfunction in ASD through the framework of SLOS. Impaired sonic hedgehog patterning, alterations in membrane lipid rafts leading to abnormal synaptic plasticity, and impaired neurosteroid synthesis are discussed. Potential therapeutic agents include the development of neuroactive steroid-based agents and enzyme-specific drugs. Future investigations should reveal the specific mechanisms underlying sterol dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders by utilizing advanced imaging and molecular techniques.

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Foot problems

Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0076 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 585-590

Author(s):

Hylton B. Menz

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older People ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Older Person ◽

Vascular Disorders ◽

Foot Problems ◽

Detrimental Impact

Foot problems affect one in four people aged over 65 years and have a major detrimental impact on mobility and quality of life. With advancing age, the foot undergoes several cutaneous, vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal changes, all of which may impair this important weight bearing function and predispose the older person to the development of foot symptoms. This chapter provides an overview of the prevalence and impact of foot problems in older people, and briefly discusses the management of common foot problems in older people including skin and nail disorders, vascular disorders, and structural deformities. The important role of footwear in the management of foot problems is also highlighted.

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