Advanced imaging of glenohumeral instability: the role of MRI and MDCT in providing what clinicians need to know

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727055320.793542836 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Ulrich Klein

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Advanced Imaging

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The Role of Multimodality Imaging in Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Dysfunction

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd9010012 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Manuela Muratori ◽

Laura Fusini ◽

Maria Elisabetta Mancini ◽

Gloria Tamborini ◽

Sarah Ghulam Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prosthetic Valve ◽

Multimodality Imaging ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Valve Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Imaging Approach ◽

Treatment Administration ◽

Life Threatening

Prosthetic valve (PV) dysfunction (PVD) is a complication of mechanical or biological PV. Etiologic mechanisms associated with PVD include fibrotic pannus ingrowth, thrombosis, structural valve degeneration, and endocarditis resulting in different grades of obstruction and/or regurgitation. PVD can be life threatening and often challenging to diagnose due to the similarities between the clinical presentations of different causes. Nevertheless, identifying the cause of PVD is critical to treatment administration (thrombolysis, surgery, or percutaneous procedure). In this report, we review the role of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of PVD. Specifically, this review discusses the characteristics of advanced imaging modalities underlying the importance of an integrated approach including 2D/3D transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography. In this scenario, it is critical to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each modality according to the suspected cause of PVD. In conclusion, for patients with suspected or known PVD, this stepwise imaging approach may lead to a simplified, more rapid, accurate and specific workflow and management.

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Hypothesis: The Role of Sterols in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2011/653570 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ryan W. Y. Lee ◽

Elaine Tierney

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sonic Hedgehog ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Opitz Syndrome ◽

Membrane Physiology

A possible role for sterols in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been proven, but studies in disorders of sterol biosynthesis, chiefly Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), enable hypotheses on a causal relationship to be discussed. Advances in genetic technology coupled with discoveries in membrane physiology have led to renewed interest for lipids in the nervous system. This paper hypothesizes on the role of sterol dysfunction in ASD through the framework of SLOS. Impaired sonic hedgehog patterning, alterations in membrane lipid rafts leading to abnormal synaptic plasticity, and impaired neurosteroid synthesis are discussed. Potential therapeutic agents include the development of neuroactive steroid-based agents and enzyme-specific drugs. Future investigations should reveal the specific mechanisms underlying sterol dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders by utilizing advanced imaging and molecular techniques.

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Potential role of imaging for assessing acute pancreatitis-induced acute kidney injury

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20200802 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 20200802

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Kaixiang Liu ◽

Xisheng Xie ◽

Bin Song

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

New Techniques ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute pancreatitis (AP) that is associated with increased mortality. Conventional assessment of AKI is based on changes in serum creatinine concentration and urinary output. However, these examinations have limited accuracy and sensitivity for the diagnosis of early-stage AKI. This review summarizes current evidence on the use of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence (AI) for the early prediction and diagnosis of AKI in patients with AP. CT scores, CT post-processing technology, Doppler ultrasound, and AI technology provide increasingly valuable information for the diagnosis of AP-induced AKI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also has potential for the evaluation of AP-induced AKI. For the accurate diagnosis of early-stage AP-induced AKI, more studies are needed that use these new techniques and that use AI in combination with advanced imaging technologies.

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