The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on motor vehicle crashes and associated costs

BackgroundEvidence supports the expectation that changes in time of alcohol sales associate with changes in alcohol-related harm in both directions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive systematic reviews had examined the effect of policies restricting time of alcohol trading on specific alcohol-related harms.ObjectiveTo compile existing evidence related to the impact of policies regulating alcohol trading hours/days of on specific harm outcomes such as: assault/violence, motor vehicle crashes/fatalities, injury, visits to the emergency department/hospital, murder/homicides and crime.MethodsSystematic review of literature studying the impact of policies regulation alcohol trading times in alcohol-related harm, published between January 2000 and October 2016 in English language.ResultsResults support the premise that policies regulating times of alcohol trading and consumption can contribute to reduce injuries, alcohol-related hospitalisations/emergency department visits, homicides and crime. Although the impact of alcohol trading policies in assault/violence and motor vehicle crashes/fatalities is also positive, these associations seem to be more complex and require further study.ConclusionEvidence suggests a potential direct effect of policies that regulate alcohol trading times in the prevention of injuries, alcohol-related hospitalisations, homicides and crime. The impact of these alcohol trading policies in assault/violence and motor vehicle crashes/fatalities is less compelling.

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The Impact of Safety Belt Use on Liver Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes: The Importance of Motor Vehicle Safety Systems

Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery ◽

10.1097/ta.0b013e318074de05 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 300-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Troy Lisa Holbrook ◽

David B. Hoyt ◽

A Brent Eastman ◽

Michael J. Sise ◽

Frank Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

Safety Belt ◽

Liver Injuries ◽

Motor Vehicle Safety ◽

Safety Systems ◽

The Impact

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Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving a Bicycle Before and After Introduction of a Bike Share Program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010–2018

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2020.305613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (6) ◽

pp. 863-867

Author(s):

Ghassan B. Hamra ◽

Leah H. Schinasi ◽

D. Alex Quistberg

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽

The Road ◽

Before And After ◽

On The Road ◽

The Impact ◽

Bike Share

Objectives. To quantify the impact of a citywide bicycle share program on rates of motor vehicle collisions involving a bicycle. Methods. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis, using crash records from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation for Philadelphia County from 2010 through 2018. We also calculated summary statistics to illustrate annual and monthly trends in rates of motor vehicle crashes involving a bicycle. Results. The baseline rate of bike events was 106% greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25, 3.38) at the time bicycle share was implemented compared with January 2010. Before bicycle share implementation, the rate of bicycle events decreased 1% (95% CI = 0.95, 1.03) annually. After the bicycle share program started, the rate of bicycle events decreased 13% (95% CI = 0.82, 0.94) annually. Conclusions. In the long term, programs that increase the number of bicycles on the road, such as bike share, may reduce rates of motor vehicle crashes involving a bicycle.

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Risk and severity of motor vehicle crashes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thx.2007.085464 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 536-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

A T Mulgrew ◽

G Nasvadi ◽

A Butt ◽

R Cheema ◽

N Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Sleep Apnoea ◽

Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽

Personal Injury ◽

Vehicle Crashes ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Impact

Background:Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea (OSAH) appears to be associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). However, its impact on crash patterns, particularly the severity of crashes, has not been well described. A study was undertaken to determine whether OSAH severity influenced crash severity in patients referred for investigation of suspected sleep-disordered breathing.Methods:Objective crash data (including the nature of crashes) for 783 patients with suspected OSAH for the 3 years prior to polysomnography were obtained from provincial insurance records and compared with data for 783 age- and sex-matched controls. The patient group was 71% male with a mean age of 50 years, a mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 22 events/h and a mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 10.Results:There were 375 crashes in the 3-year period, 252 in patients and 123 in controls. Compared with controls, patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAH had an increased rate of MVCs with relative risks of 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9), 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.0), respectively. Patients with suspected OSAH and normal polysomnography (AHI 0–5) did not have an increased rate of MVC (relative risk 1.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.5), p = 0.21). When the impact of OSAH on MVC associated with personal injury was examined, patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAH had a substantially higher rate of MVCs than controls with relative risks of 4.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 12.4), 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.0) and 4.3 (95% CI 1.8 to 8.9), respectively, whereas patients without OSAH had similar crash rates to controls with a relative risk of 0.6 (95% CI 0.2 to 2.5). Very severe MVCs (head-on collisions or those involving pedestrians or cyclists) were rare, but 80% of these occurred in patients with OSAH (p = 0.06).Conclusion:Patients with OSAH have increased rates of MVCs, and disproportionately increased rates of MVCs are associated with personal injury.

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