Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving a Bicycle Before and After Introduction of a Bike Share Program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2010–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-867
Author(s):  
Ghassan B. Hamra ◽  
Leah H. Schinasi ◽  
D. Alex Quistberg
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bike Share

Objectives. To quantify the impact of a citywide bicycle share program on rates of motor vehicle collisions involving a bicycle. Methods. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis, using crash records from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation for Philadelphia County from 2010 through 2018. We also calculated summary statistics to illustrate annual and monthly trends in rates of motor vehicle crashes involving a bicycle. Results. The baseline rate of bike events was 106% greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25, 3.38) at the time bicycle share was implemented compared with January 2010. Before bicycle share implementation, the rate of bicycle events decreased 1% (95% CI = 0.95, 1.03) annually. After the bicycle share program started, the rate of bicycle events decreased 13% (95% CI = 0.82, 0.94) annually. Conclusions. In the long term, programs that increase the number of bicycles on the road, such as bike share, may reduce rates of motor vehicle crashes involving a bicycle.

scholarly journals Increased motor vehicle crashes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan: an interrupted time series analysis of property damage crashes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Maruyama ◽  
Kazutake Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

AbstractDriving after natural disasters entails a substantial amount of stress; therefore, the number of motor vehicle crashes may increase. However, few studies have examined this issue. This study investigated motor vehicle crashes after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan. Monthly data about crashes resulting in property damage from 49 municipalities in Kumamoto from 2015 to 2018 were used. An interrupted time series analysis using Poisson or negative binomial regression models was conducted for 49 municipalities; the models were estimated for four classified areas to obtain the robust results. We found that property damage crashes increased significantly in the heavily affected area (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.48, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.29, 1.71) and the affected area (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.36) after the earthquake. A mountainous area showed a reduction in property damage crashes despite its heavy damage (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.82), which can be attributed to the closure of its main gate routes. The unaffected area showed no difference before and after the earthquake. Geographical presentation of the result demonstrates a clear positive association of earthquake damage and increased crashes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of motor-vehicle-crash alerts after an earthquake.

scholarly journals Ridesharing and Motor Vehicle Crashes in 4 US Cities: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Morrison ◽  
Sara F Jacoby ◽  
Beidi Dong ◽  
M Kit Delgado ◽  
Douglas J Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Us Cities

The impact and sustainability of the graduated driver licensing program in preventing motor vehicle crashes in Massachusetts

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham M.A. Kaafarani ◽  
Jarone Lee ◽  
Catrina Cropano ◽  
Yuchiao Chang ◽  
Toby Raybould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Graduated Driver Licensing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Driver Licensing

scholarly journals Initial impact of COVID-19’s stay-at-home order on motor vehicle traffic and crash patterns in Connecticut: an interrupted time series analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043945
Author(s):  
Mitchell L Doucette ◽  
Andrew Tucker ◽  
Marisa E Auguste ◽  
Amy Watkins ◽  
Christa Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

IntroductionUnderstanding how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our health and safety is imperative. This study sought to examine the impact of COVID-19’s stay-at-home order on daily vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and MVCs in Connecticut.MethodsUsing an interrupted time series design, we analysed daily VMT and MVCs stratified by crash severity and number of vehicles involved from 1 January to 30 April 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. MVC data were collected from the Connecticut Crash Data Repository; daily VMT estimates were obtained from StreetLight Insight’s database. We used segmented Poisson regression models, controlling for daily temperature and daily precipitation.ResultsThe mean daily VMT significantly decreased 43% in the post stay-at-home period in 2020. While the mean daily counts of crashes decreased in 2020 after the stay-at-home order was enacted, several types of crash rates increased after accounting for the VMT reductions. Single vehicle crash rates significantly increased 2.29 times, and specifically single vehicle fatal crash rates significantly increased 4.10 times when comparing the pre-stay-at-home and post-stay-at-home periods.DiscussionDespite a decrease in the number of MVCs and VMT, the crash rate of single vehicles increased post stay-at-home order enactment in Connecticut after accounting for reductions in VMT.

Vancomycin Use: Room for Improvement Among Hospitalized Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gillon ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
James Slaughter ◽  
M. Cecilia Di Pentima
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Prospective Audit ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The use of vancomycin is common among hospitalized children. We sought to evaluate the impact of prospective audit with real-time feedback on vancomycin use and pharmacy costs. Methods: Vancomycin use was evaluated at Monroe Carell Jr Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt (MCJCHV) before and after the implementation of prospective audit with intervention and feedback to providers in 2012. Antibiotic use was compared to academic children’s hospitals with established antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Two similar pediatric academic institutions without an ASP were used as nonintervention controls. Analysis of monthly days of antibiotic therapy (DoT) per 1000 patient-days was performed by interrupted time series analysis. Results: Monthly vancomycin use decreased from 114 DoTs/1000 patient-days to 89 DoTs/1000 patient-days ( P < .0001). We did not find significant differences in the slope of change in vancomycin use between MCJCHV and institutions with ASPs either before or after the intervention ( P = .86 and P = .71, respectively). When compared to children’s hospitals without ASPs, the use of vancomycin was significantly lower at MCJCHV ( P < .001). Conclusion: The use of vancomycin at academic children’s hospitals with an ASP is declining. In our experience, prospective audit with real-time intervention and feedback to providers significantly reduced the use and costs associated with vancomycin.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Tanzania Medical Store Department through Global Fund support: lessons learned from the field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Githendu ◽  
Linden Morrison ◽  
Rosemary Silaa ◽  
Sai Pothapregada ◽  
Sarah Asiimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Fund ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Health Commodities ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe Tanzania government sought support from The Global Fund to Fight AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) to reform its Medical Stores Department (MSD), with the aim of improving performance. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the reforms and document the lessons learned.MethodsWe applied quantitative and qualitative research methods to assess the impact of the reforms. The quantitative part entailed a review of operational and financial data covering the period before and after the implementation of the reforms. We applied interrupted time series analysis to determine the change in average availability of essential health commodities at health zones. Qualitative data was collected through 41 key informant interviews. Participants were identified through stakeholder mapping, purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, and responses were analyzed through thematic content analysis.ResultsAvailability of essential health commodities increased significantly by 12.6% (95%CI, 9.6-15.6), after the reforms and continued to increase on a monthly basis by 0.2% (95%CI, 0.0-0.3) relative to the preintervention trend. Sales increased by 56.6% while the cost of goods sold increased by 88.6% between 2014/15 and 2017/18. Surplus income increased by 56.4% between 2014/15 and 2017/18, with reductions in rent and fuel expenditure. There was consensus among participants that the reforms, were instrumental in improving performance of MSD.ConclusionMany positive results were realized through the reforms at MSD. However, despite the progress, there were risks such as the increasing government receivable that could jeopardize the gains. Multi-stakeholder efforts are necessary, to sustain the progress and expand public health.

scholarly journals The impact of first- and second-eye cataract surgery on motor vehicle crashes and associated costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn B Meuleners ◽  
Kate Brameld ◽  
Michelle L Fraser ◽  
Kyle Chow
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of retraction on the citation of randomized controlled trial reports: an interrupted time-series analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mott ◽  
Caroline Fairhurst ◽  
David Torgerson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To assess the impact of retraction on the citation of randomized controlled trials. Methods We used an interrupted time-series with matched controls. PubMed, CINHAL, Google and the Retraction Watch Database were searched. We identified retracted publications reporting the results of randomized controlled trials involving human participants with two years of available data before and after retraction. We obtained monthly citation counts across all articles for the 24 months before and after retraction, from Web of Science. We used a Poisson segmented regression to detect changes in the level and trend of citation following retraction. We also undertook a matched control analysis of unretracted randomized controlled trials and a sensitivity analysis to account for cases of large-scale, well-advertised fraud. Results We identified 387 retracted randomized controlled trial reports, of which 218 (56.3%) were included in the interrupted time-series analysis. A reduction of 22.9% (95% CI 4.0% to 38.2%, p = 0.02) was observed in the number of citations in the month after retraction, and a further reduction of 1.9% (95% CI 0.4% to 3.5%, p = 0.02) per month in the following 24 months, relative to the expected trend. There was no evidence of a statistically significant reduction among the matched controls. Authors with a large number of retractions saw a 48.2% reduction at the time of retraction (95% CI 17.7% to 67.3%, p = 0.01). Other cases had a more gradual reduction with no change at the time of retraction and a 1.8% reduction per month in the following 24 months (95% CI 0.2% to 3.4%, p = 0.03). Conclusions Retractions of randomized controlled trial reports can be effective in reducing citations. Other factors, such as the scale of the retractions and media attention, may play a role in the effectiveness of the reduction.

Evaluation of Speed Camera Enforcement in the District of Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Retting ◽  
Charles M. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Targeted Enforcement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Sites

Washington, D.C., implemented a speed camera enforcement program in 2001. Vehicle speeds were measured before and after the program. Seven sites in Washington were selected randomly from a total of 60 targeted enforcement zones. Speed data were collected 1 year before enforcement and approximately 6 months after enforcement began. Results indicated that mean traffic speeds and the proportion of drivers traveling more than 10 mph above the speed limit—fast enough to warrant a speeding ticket—were reduced at each of the Washington study sites. At eight comparison sites in nearby Baltimore, Maryland, where speed camera enforcement was not in place, no decline in traffic speeds was observed. Overall, mean speeds at Washington sites declined by a statistically significant 14% compared with Baltimore sites, and the proportion of vehicles exceeding the speed limit by more than 10 mph declined 82%. These findings indicate that speed camera enforcement reduced speeding on surface streets throughout Washington. On the basis of prior research, such speed reductions can be expected to reduce the frequency and severity of motor vehicle crashes.

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