The hyperphagic effect of a high-fat diet and alcohol intake persists after control for energy density

The wound-healing process is complex and remains a challenging process under the influence of several factors, including eating habits. As improper diets may lead to disorders such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, potentially affecting the tissue ability to heal, we decided to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet and alcohol intake on the inflammatory process and skin wound healing in Wistar rats. Male rats (n=30) were individually housed in cages with food and water ad libitum (registration number 213/2014). After anesthesia, at day 40, three circular wounds (12 mm diameter) were made on the back of each animal, which were then randomly assorted into five treatment groups: C1 (control 1)—water via gavage and standard chow diet; C2 (control 2)—water (no gavage) and standard chow diet; AL (alcohol)—water (no gavage) and alcohol (40%) via gavage and standard chow diet; HF (high fat)—water (no gavage) and high-fat diet (50%); and HF + AL (alcohol/high fat)—water (no gavage), alcohol (40%) via gavage, and high-fat diet. Animals were treated for 61 days. Every seven days, the area and the rate of wound contraction were evaluated. Tissue samples were removed for histopathological analysis and biochemical analyses. Our results showed that wound contraction was not complete in the HF + AL rats. Two specific indices of wound-healing impairment (total cell number and levels of the inflammatory cytokine TGF-β) were increased in the HF + AL rats. We also observed decreased type I and III collagen fibers in the HF, AL, and HF + AL groups and increased oxidative stress markers in the same groups. We suggest that a high-fat diet combined with alcohol intake contributed to delayed skin wound healing through increase of the inflammatory phase and promoting oxidative stress, which may have led to morphological alterations and impaired matrix remodeling.

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Pairing Binge Drinking and a High-Fat Diet in Adolescence Modulates the Inflammatory Effects of Subsequent Alcohol Consumption in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5279

Author(s):

Macarena González-Portilla ◽

Sandra Montagud-Romero ◽

Francisco Navarrete ◽

Ani Gasparyan ◽

Jorge Manzanares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

High Fat ◽

Self Administration ◽

Neuroinflammatory Response ◽

Intermittent Access ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Alcohol binge drinking (BD) and poor nutritional habits are two frequent behaviors among many adolescents that alter gut microbiota in a pro-inflammatory direction. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome are observed after alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, even before obesity onset. In this study, we investigate the neuroinflammatory response of adolescent BD when combined with a continuous or intermittent HFD and its effects on adult ethanol consumption by using a self-administration (SA) paradigm in mice. The inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CX3CL1 were measured in the striatum 24 h after BD, 3 weeks later and after the ethanol (EtOH) SA. Adolescent BD increased alcohol consumption in the oral SA and caused a greater motivation to seek the substance. Likewise, mice with intermittent access to HFD exhibited higher EtOH consumption, while the opposite effect was found in mice with continuous HFD access. Biochemical analyses showed that after BD and three weeks later, striatal levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1 were increased. In addition, in saline-treated mice, CX3CL1 was increased after continuous access to HFD. After oral SA procedure, striatal IL-6 was increased only in animals exposed to BD and HFD. In addition, striatal CX3CL1 levels were increased in all BD- and HFD-exposed groups. Overall, our findings show that adolescent BD and intermittent HFD increase adult alcohol intake and point to neuroinflammation as an important mechanism modulating this interaction.

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The anxiety and ethanol intake controlling GAL5.1 enhancer is epigenetically modulated by, and controls preference for, high fat diet

10.1101/2020.07.08.186643 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew McEwan ◽

Johanna Celene Erickson ◽

Connor Davidson ◽

Jenny Heijkoop ◽

Yvonne Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Life Stress ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Repressive Effect ◽

Regulatory Loop ◽

Chronic Anxiety ◽

The Brain

AbstractExcess maternal fat intake and obesity increase offspring susceptibility to conditions such as chronic anxiety and substance abuse. We hypothesised that these susceptibilities are established through environmentally modulated DNA-methylation (5mC/5hmC) changes in regions of the genome that modulate mood and consumptive behaviours. We explored the effects of environmental factors on 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer that controls anxiety-related behaviours and alcohol intake. We first observed that 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer differed significantly in different parts of the brain. Moreover, we noted that early life stress had no significant effect of 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1. By contrast, we identified that allowing access of pregnant mothers to high-fat diet (>60% calories from fat) had a significant effect on 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1 in hypothalamus and amygdala of resulting male offspring. Cell transfection based studies using GAL5.1 reporter plasmids showed that 5mC has a significant repressive effect on GAL5.1 activity and its response to known stimuli such as EGR1 expression and PKC agonism. Intriguingly, CRISPR driven disruption of GAL5.1 from the mouse genome, although having negligible effects on metabolism, significantly decreased intake of high fat diet suggesting that GAL5.1, in addition to being epigenetically modulated by high-fat diet, also actively contributes to the consumption of high-fat diet suggesting its involvement in an environmentally-influenced regulatory-loop. Furthermore, considering that GAL5.1 also controls alcohol preference and anxiety these studies may provide a first glimpse into an epigenetically controlled mechanism that links maternal high-fat diet with transgenerational susceptibility to alcohol abuse and anxiety.

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Maternal alcohol intake around the time of conception causes glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity in rat offspring, which is exacerbated by a postnatal high‐fat diet

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.14-268979 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 2690-2701 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Emelie M. Gårdebjer ◽

Stephen T. Anderson ◽

Marie Pantaleon ◽

Mary E. Wlodek ◽

Karen M. Moritz

Keyword(s):

Glucose Intolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Maternal Alcohol ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

Insulin Insensitivity

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The anxiety and ethanol intake controlling GAL5.1 enhancer is epigenetically modulated by, and controls preference for, high-fat diet

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00018-020-03705-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew McEwan ◽

Johanna Celene Erickson ◽

Connor Davidson ◽

Jenny Heijkoop ◽

Yvonne Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Life Stress ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

High Fat ◽

Repressive Effect ◽

Regulatory Loop ◽

Transcription Factor Expression ◽

Chronic Anxiety ◽

The Brain

AbstractExcess maternal fat intake and obesity increase offspring susceptibility to conditions such as chronic anxiety and substance abuse. We hypothesised that environmentally modulated DNA methylation changes (5mC/5hmC) in regulatory regions of the genome that modulate mood and consumptive behaviours could contribute to susceptibility to these conditions. We explored the effects of environmental factors on 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer that controls anxiety-related behaviours and alcohol intake. We first observed that 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer differed significantly in different parts of the brain. Moreover, we noted that early life stress had no significant effect of 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1. In contrast, we identified that allowing access of pregnant mothers to high-fat diet (> 60% calories from fat) had a significant effect on 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1 in hypothalamus and amygdala of resulting male offspring. Cell transfection-based studies using GAL5.1 reporter plasmids showed that 5mC has a significant repressive effect on GAL5.1 activity and its response to known stimuli, such as EGR1 transcription factor expression and PKC agonism. Intriguingly, CRISPR-driven disruption of GAL5.1 from the mouse genome, although having negligible effects on metabolism or general appetite, significantly decreased intake of high-fat diet suggesting that GAL5.1, in addition to being epigenetically modulated by high-fat diet, also actively contributes to the consumption of high-fat diet suggesting its involvement in an environmentally influenced regulatory loop. Furthermore, considering that GAL5.1 also controls alcohol preference and anxiety these studies may provide a first glimpse into an epigenetically controlled mechanism that links maternal high-fat diet with transgenerational susceptibility to alcohol abuse and anxiety.

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Abstract # P-20: 11b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Regulation in High Fat Diet Induced Insulin Resistant Rats and Rats Treated with Sutherlandia Frutescens

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)43833-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Ngozi F. Nnolum-Orji ◽

Saartjie Roux ◽

Janine Mackenzie ◽

Disang Lekutlane

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Sutherlandia Frutescens

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Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-54

Author(s):

Akemi Suzuki ◽

André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽

Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽

Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽

Gilson Teles Boaventura

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Flaxseed Flour ◽

Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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