scholarly journals Micronutrient supplementation of lactating Guatemalan women acutely increases infants’ intake of riboflavin, thiamin, pyridoxal, and cobalamin, but not niacin, in a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-682
Author(s):  
Juliana A Donohue ◽  
Noel W Solomons ◽  
Daniela Hampel ◽  
Setareh Shahab-Ferdows ◽  
Mónica N Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divided Dose ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Background Maternal supplementation during lactation could increase milk B-vitamin concentrations, but little is known about the kinetics of milk vitamin responses. Objectives We compared acute effects of maternal lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) consumption (n = 22 nutrients, 175%–212% of the RDA intake for the nutrients examined), as a single dose or at spaced intervals during 8 h, on milk concentrations and infant intake from milk of B-vitamins. Methods This randomized crossover trial in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala included 26 mother–infant dyads 4–6 mo postpartum who were randomly assigned to receive 3 treatments in a random order: bolus 30-g dose of LNS (Bolus); 3 × 10-g doses of LNS (Divided); and no LNS (Control), with control meals. Mothers attended three 8-h visits during which infant milk consumption was measured and milk samples were collected at every feed. Infant intake was assessed as $\mathop \sum \nolimits_{i\ = \ 1}^n ( {{\rm{milk\ volum}}{{\rm{e}}_{{\rm{feed\ }}n}} \times \ {\rm{nutrient\ concentratio}}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{feed}}\ n}}} )$ over 8 h. Results Maternal supplementation with the Bolus or Divided dose increased least-squares mean (95% CI) milk and infant intakes of riboflavin [milk: Bolus: 154.4 (138.2, 172.5) μg · min−1 · mL−1; Control: 84.5 (75.8, 94.3) μg · min−1 · mL−1; infant: Bolus: 64.5 (56.1, 74.3) μg; Control: 34.5 (30.0, 39.6) μg], thiamin [milk: Bolus: 10.9 (10.1, 11.7) μg · min−1 · mL−1; Control: 7.7 (7.2, 8.3) μg · min−1 · mL−1; infant: Bolus: 5.1 (4.4, 6.0) μg; Control: 3.4 (2.9, 4.0) μg], and pyridoxal [milk: Bolus: 90.5 (82.8, 98.9) μg · min−1 · mL−1; Control: 60.8 (55.8, 66.3) μg · min−1 · mL−1; infant: Bolus: 39.4 (33.5, 46.4) μg; Control: 25.0 (21.4, 29.2) μg] (all P < 0.001). Only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin in milk [Bolus: 0.054 (0.047, 0.061) μg · min−1 · mL−1; Control: 0.041 (0.035, 0.048) μg · min−1 · mL−1, P = 0.039] and infant cobalamin intake [Bolus: 0.023 (0.020, 0.027) μg; Control: 0.015 (0.013, 0.018) μg, P = 0.001] compared with Control. Niacin was unaffected. Conclusions Maternal supplementation with LNS as a Bolus or Divided dose was similarly effective at increasing milk riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxal and infant intakes, whereas only the Bolus dose increased cobalamin. Niacin was unaffected in 8 h. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464111.

The Addition of Real-time Ultrasound Visual Feedback to Manual Facilitation Increases Serratus Anterior Activation in Adults With Painful Shoulders: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanda J McKenna ◽  
Luke Bonnett ◽  
Kelly Panzich ◽  
Jacinta Lim ◽  
Snorre K Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Subacromial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Serratus anterior (SA) muscle activation may be decreased with subacromial pain syndrome. Determining whether real-time ultrasound (RTUS) can improve SA muscle activation may improve physical therapist interventions for subacromial pain syndrome. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of RTUS visual feedback increased the activation of SA in adults with painful shoulders in comparison to manual facilitation alone. Design This was an assessor-masked, 2-period, randomized crossover trial. Setting The setting was a university medical imaging laboratory. Participants Adults with mild to moderate unilateral subacromial pain received both interventions in random order with at least a 1-week washout between interventions. Fourteen participants were randomized to receive manual facilitation with RTUS first, and 13 were randomized to receive manual facilitation only first. Intervention The intervention was 15 repetitions of a supine “serratus punch” facilitated by manual facilitation with RTUS visual feedback or manual facilitation alone. Measurements Levels of SA activation were measured with surface electromyography normalized to a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results A total of 25 participants completed the full trial of both interventions. Data from 25 participant periods for RTUS with manual facilitation and data from 26 participant periods for manual facilitation only were analyzed. The predicted marginal mean difference between interventions was 55.5% (95% CI = 13.9% to 97.1%) (P = .009), favoring the addition of RTUS feedback. No adverse effects occurred. Limitations The results are applicable only to mild to moderate levels of shoulder pain, and it is unknown whether the addition of RTUS visual feedback reduces pain or disability. Conclusion Manual facilitation with RTUS visual feedback increased SA activation in adults with painful shoulders compared with manual facilitation alone. Impact Determining if real-time ultrasound (RTUS) can improve SA muscle activation may help clinicians improve physical therapist interventions for subacromial pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercises Evokes Longer Reductions on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Resistant Hypertension: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Fraccari Pires ◽  
Helio José Coelho-Júnior ◽  
Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi ◽  
Ana Paula Cabral de Faria ◽  
Alessandra Mileni Versuti Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Postexercise Hypotension

Aim. The present study compared the acute effects of aerobic (AER), resistance (RES), and combined (COM) exercises on blood pressure (BP) levels in people with resistant hypertension (RH) and nonresistant hypertension (NON-RH). Methods. Twenty patients (10 RH and 10 NON-RH) were recruited and randomly performed three exercise sessions and a control session. Ambulatory BP was monitored over 24 hours after each experimental session. Results. Significant reductions on ambulatory BP were found in people with RH after AER, RES, and COM sessions. Notably, ambulatory BP was reduced during awake-time and night-time periods after COM. On the other hand, the effects of AER were more prominent during awake periods, while RES caused greater reductions during the night-time period. In NON-RH, only RES acutely reduced systolic BP, while diastolic BP was reduced after all exercise sessions. However, the longest postexercise ambulatory hypotension was observed after AER (~11 h) in comparison to RES (~8 h) and COM (~4 h) exercises. Conclusion. Findings of the present study indicate that AER, RES, and COM exercises elicit systolic and diastolic postexercise ambulatory hypotension in RH patients. Notably, longer hypotension periods were observed after COM exercise. In addition, NON-RH and RH people showed different changes on BP after exercise sessions, suggesting that postexercise hypotension is influenced by the pathophysiological bases of hypertension.

scholarly journals Fasting Glucose Response to Evening Snacks That Differ by Carbohydrate and Fat Composition: A 6-Week, Randomized, Crossover Trial in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1143-1143
Author(s):  
Philip Sapp ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract Objectives To examine the effect of consuming one ounce of peanuts (PNUT) as an evening snack on fasting plasma glucose and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, compared to an isocaloric lower fat higher carbohydrate snack (LFHC), in individuals with IFG. Methods Fifty-one individuals with IFG (52% male; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28 ± 5.6 kg/m2; glucose 105 ± 4.9 mg/dL) were enrolled in this two-period, randomized, crossover trial. In random order, subjects consumed each snack in the evening (after dinner and before bedtime) for 6 weeks (PNUT: 164 kcal, 14 g fat, 2.2 g saturated fat, 6 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 2.4 g fiber; LFHC: 165 kcal, 6 g fat, 2 g saturated fat, 22 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 3.0 g fiber). Subjects were told not to consume other caloric foods/beverages after dinner. On two consecutive days at the beginning and end of each diet period a fasting blood sample was assessed for plasma glucose, serum lipids/lipoproteins, and insulin. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at each time point. Results Compared with baseline (100 mg/dL, 95% CI 99, 102), glucose was unchanged following both conditions (PNUT: −0.9 mg/dL 95% CI −2.1, 1.3; LFHC: −0.4 mg/dL 95% CI −2.6, 0.8) with no between-condition difference (P > 0.05). Changes for LDL-C from baseline differed between conditions (−4.8 mg/dL; 95% CI −9.2, −0.4); there were no within-condition changes from baseline (LFHC −2.3 mg/dL, 95% CI −5.7, 1.0; PNUT 2.5 mg/dL, 95% CI −0.9, 5.8). Greater triglyceride lowering was observed with PNUT (−17 mg/dL, 95% CI −28, −6.2) vs. LFHC (−5.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −17, 5.1). There were no condition effects for weight, HDL-C, insulin, BP or PWV. In a post hoc analysis of subjects who had IFG (>99 mg/dL) at baseline (107 mg/dL, 95% CI 106, 108), glucose was lowered compared to baseline for both conditions (PNUT: −2.6 mg/dL, 95% CI −4.6, −0.6; LFHC: −3.1 mg/dL, 95% CI −5.1, −1.0). Conclusions In individuals with IFG, consuming a relatively low-calorie, mixed macronutrient, nighttime snack improves fasting glucose levels. Greater reductions in triglycerides were observed with evening peanut consumption, which may be explained by the lower carbohydrate and higher fat content. Funding Sources The Peanut Institute Supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Breaking Up Seated Office Work With Standing or Light-Intensity Walking on Interstitial Glucose Concentration: A Randomized Crossover Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Brocklebank ◽  
Rob C. Andrews ◽  
Angie Page ◽  
Catherine L. Falconer ◽  
Sam Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Interstitial Glucose

Background:The aim of this randomized, 3-period, 3-treatment crossover trial was to examine the acute effects of regularly breaking up seated office work with short bouts of standing or light-intensity walking on postprandial interstitial glucose concentration.Methods:Seventeen middle-aged office workers performed 3 5-hour trial conditions at their workplace in a random order: 1) uninterrupted sitting, 2) sitting interrupted by 2 minutes of standing every 20 minutes, and 3) sitting interrupted by 2 minutes of light-intensity walking every 20 minutes. Participants consumed 2 standardized test drinks at the start of each trial condition and an iPro2 continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) recorded average interstitial glucose concentration every 5 minutes for the duration of the study.Results:The 5-hour interstitial glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was 55.5% lower after sitting interrupted by light-intensity walking compared with after uninterrupted sitting (95% CI, –104.2% to –6.8%). There was also a suggestion of a beneficial effect of regular standing breaks, particularly in overweight men, although they were not as effective as the walking breaks (mean difference [95% CI], –29.6% [–73.9% to 14.7%]).Conclusions:Regularly breaking up prolonged sitting lowers postprandial glycemia in middle-aged adults without metabolic impairment.

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