scholarly journals Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Respiratory, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older US Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian C Pun ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemiparkouhi ◽  
Justin Manjourides ◽  
Helen H Suh

Abstract The impact of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) on respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality is poorly understood. In a cohort of 18.9 million Medicare beneficiaries (4.2 million deaths) living across the conterminous United States between 2000 and 2008, we examined the association between chronic PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality. We evaluated confounding through adjustment for neighborhood behavioral covariates and decomposition of PM2.5 into 2 spatiotemporal scales. We found significantly positive associations of 12-month moving average PM2.5 exposures (per 10-μg/m3 increase) with respiratory, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia mortality, with risk ratios ranging from 1.10 to 1.24. We also found significant PM2.5-associated elevated risks for cardiovascular and lung cancer mortality. Risk ratios generally increased with longer moving averages; for example, an elevation in 60-month moving average PM2.5 exposures was linked to 1.33 times the lung cancer mortality risk (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.40), as compared with 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.11, 1.15) for 12-month moving average exposures. Observed associations were robust in multivariable models, although evidence of unmeasured confounding remained. In this large cohort of US elderly, we provide important new evidence that long-term PM2.5 exposure is significantly related to increased mortality from respiratory disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

2016 ◽  
pp. ckw203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Uccelli ◽  
Marina Mastrantonio ◽  
Pierluigi Altavista ◽  
Emanuela Caiaffa ◽  
Giorgio Cattani ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Uccelli ◽  
Marina Mastrantonio ◽  
Pierluigi Altavista ◽  
Emanuela Caiaffa ◽  
Giorgio Cattani ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
H D Hosgood ◽  
R Chapman ◽  
M Shen ◽  
A Blair ◽  
E Chen ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 738 ◽  
pp. 140195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Kerrie Mengersen ◽  
Shilu Tong ◽  
Michael Kimlin ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1502-1502
Author(s):  
Niloofar Taghizadeh ◽  
Judith M. Vonk ◽  
H. Marike Boezen

1502 Background: There are indications of an association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and risk of different cancer types. There is dispute whether this association differs between males and females. Methods: We studied the association of BMI at the first survey with risk of mortality from the most common types of cancer (lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer) in a large general population-based cohort study (Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen, 1965-1990) with follow-up on mortality status until 2009. Additionally, we assessed this association based on tertiles of the annual change in BMI (defined as the difference between BMI at last survey and first survey divided by the time between last and first survey). We used 3 categories of BMI (< 25 kg/m2, 25-30 kg/m2, and ≥ 30 kg/m2) and changes in BMI (< 0.02 kg/m2/yr, 0.02-0.2 kg/m2/yr, and > 0.2 kg/m2/yr) in the analyses. The multivariate Cox regression model was adjusted for age, smoking, gender. Analyses were additionally stratified by gender and smoking. Results: Among all 8645 subjects, 1194 died due to cancer (lung cancer: 275; colorectal cancer: 134; breast cancer: 117; prostate cancer: 83). Mortality from all types of cancer was significantly increased in subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (HR (95 % CI)) = 1.22 (1.00-1.48)), especially in females (1.38 (1.06-1.81)) and in never smokers (1.39 (1.02-1.90)). Prostate cancer mortality was significantly increased in males with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 (2.04 (1.90-3.83)) and > 30 kg/m2 (2.61 (1.02-6.67)). This association between prostate cancer mortality and BMI was higher in smokers. Lung cancer mortality risk was decreased in subjects with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 (0.71 (0.54-0.93)) and > 30 kg/m2 (0.82 (0.50-1.32)), especially in males, in smokers, and in smoking males. There were no significant associations between BMI and colorectal or breast cancer mortality nor between change in BMI and mortality from all analyzed types of cancer. Conclusions: We show that an increase in BMI is associated with an increased risk of mortality from all types of cancer in females and with an increased mortality risk from prostate cancer in males but with a decreased lung cancer mortality risk, especially in males. More research is needed into the biological mechanisms that link BMI to cancer.


Epidemiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. S79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Yap ◽  
I Beverland ◽  
R M. Agius ◽  
C Robertson ◽  
D J. Hole ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thurston ◽  
R.T. Burnett ◽  
D. Krewski ◽  
M. Turner ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
...  

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