No changes in neocortical cell volumes or glial cell numbers in chronic alcoholic subjects compared to control subjects

Several stereological studies of schizophrenic subjects have shown reduction in both the total number of neurons and in the total volume of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD). This is in contrast to other studies in that no differences have been found. Using systematic random sampling and an optical fractionator design, the total number of neuron and glial cells in the MD subdivisions: parvocellular (MDPC), magnocellular (MDMC), and densocellular (MDDC) were counted in brains from 9 schizophrenic and 8 control subjects. The control subjects were age, height and body-weight matched to the schizophrenic subjects. We found the neuronal numbers in the schizophrenic subjects to range more than a factor of two, from 3.68 to 9.22 x 106. This is in contrast to the control subjects, who ranged from 5.24 to 7.10 x 106 in neuronal cell numbers. Within our inhomogeneous sample, some schizophrenic subjects thus exhibited relative high total neuron numbers in MD, while others exhibited relative low neuron numbers. The result is in line with the heterogeneity of this severe mental disease and may help to explain why different research groups get different results. The major limitation in this study is the small number of brains of schizophrenic subjects with a high degree of inhomogeneity in length of disease and age of onset. The debates of the comparison of the neurons in the MD in brains of schizophrenic subjects and control subjects and the possible impact of this variance on the disease are still not complete.

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Hippocampal neuron and glial cell numbers in Parkinson's disease—A stereological study

Hippocampus ◽

10.1002/hipo.20212 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 826-833 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

F.C. Joelving ◽

R. Billeskov ◽

J.R. Christensen ◽

M. West ◽

B. Pakkenberg

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Glial Cell ◽

Hippocampal Neuron ◽

Cell Numbers

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Neocortical Glial Cell Numbers in Alzheimer’s Disease

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders ◽

10.1159/000072805 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Dorte P. Pelvig ◽

Henning Pakkenberg ◽

Lisbeth Regeur ◽

Solveig Oster ◽

Bente Pakkenberg

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Glial Cell ◽

Cell Numbers

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Control of peripheral glial cell proliferation: enteric neurons exert an inhibitory influence on Schwann cell and enteric glial cell DNA synthesis in culture

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.107.1.107 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 107 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

P.A. Eccleston ◽

P.G. Bannerman ◽

D.E. Pleasure ◽

J. Winter ◽

R. Mirsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schwann Cell ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Glial Cell ◽

Schwann Cells ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Enteric Neurons ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Enteric Glia ◽

Cell Numbers

Neuronal membranes from rat dorsal root ganglia provide a mitogenic signal to cultured Schwann cells and it has been suggested this is an important factor in regulating Schwann cell numbers during development. In this study, the influence of enteric neurons on the DNA synthesis of both Schwann cells and enteric glia has been investigated as well as the effect of axonal membrane fractions (axolemma) on enteric glia. The proliferation rate of rat Schwann cells and enteric glia was assessed in culture using [3H]thymidine uptake and autoradiography in combination with immunolabelling to identify cell types. When purified rat Schwann cells were co-cultured with guinea pig enteric neurons, their DNA synthesis rate was reduced compared with control cultures of pure Schwann cells or Schwann cells not close to neurites or neuronal cell bodies. Nevertheless, in accordance with previous findings that sensory neurons stimulate Schwann cell division, these Schwann cells increased their DNA synthesis rate when in contact with neurites from purified guinea pig or adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and on exposure to bovine axolemmal fractions. The enteric neurons also suppressed the DNA synthesis of enteric glia in co-cultures of purified enteric neurons and enteric glia, while bovine axolemma stimulated their DNA synthesis. These results indicate that a mitotic inhibitory signal is associated with enteric neurons and can exert its effect on both Schwann cells and enteric glia, and that enteric glia, like Schwann cells, are stimulated to divide by axolemmal fractions. It thus seems possible that during development glial cell numbers in the peripheral nervous system may be controlled by both positive and negative regulators of cell growth.

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Neocortical and hippocampal neuron and glial cell numbers in the rhesus monkey

The Anatomical Record ◽

10.1002/ar.20504 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 290 (3) ◽

pp. 330-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Jeppe Romme Christensen ◽

Karen Bonde Larsen ◽

Sarah H. Lisanby ◽

Jason Scalia ◽

Victoria Arango ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Glial Cell ◽

Hippocampal Neuron ◽

Cell Numbers

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Serum and intracellular magnesium concentrations in intoxicated chronic alcoholic and control subjects

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00037-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 119-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tanja Princi ◽

Mary Artero ◽

Noelia Malusà ◽

Laura Uxa ◽

Vincenzo Livia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Alcoholic ◽

Intracellular Magnesium ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control

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Variation in hippocampal glial cell numbers in food-caching birds from different climates

Developmental Neurobiology ◽

10.1002/dneu.22074 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 480-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Timothy C. Roth ◽

Dominique M. Chevalier ◽

Lara D. LaDage ◽

Vladimir V. Pravosudov

Keyword(s):

Glial Cell ◽

Cell Numbers ◽

Food Caching ◽

Different Climates

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Glycogen Content and Activities of Key Glycolytic Enzymes in Muscle Biopsies from Control Subjects and Patients with Chronic Alcoholic Skeletal Myopathy

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0660069 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

F. C. Martin ◽

A. J. Levi ◽

G. Slavin ◽

T. J. Peters

Keyword(s):

Dna Content ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Type Ii ◽

Chronic Alcoholic ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Regulatory Enzymes ◽

Phosphofructokinase Activity ◽

Muscle Biopsies

1. The capacity for glycolysis in muscle biopsies obtained from long-term heavy alcohol drinking patients has been compared with tissue from control subjects by assay in vitro of the total activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, key regulatory enzymes in the anaerobic glycolytic pathway. 2. Biopsies from 13 of 22 patients had type II fibre atrophy, and the activities of all three enzymes were reduced in these biopsies, when expressed in terms of DNA content, the most striking reduction being in phosphofructokinase activity. 3. The amount of glycogen in the tissue correlated closely with these enzyme activities and was slightly lower in the most atrophic tissue, when expressed in terms of DNA content. 4. The activities of acid and neutral α-glucosidases were similar in biopsies from control subjects and patients with various severities of alcohol myopathy. 5. The reduced activities are consistent with a reduced proportion of type II fibre muscle mass in these patients, and suggest that there may be a reduced capacity for glycolysis with resultant reduced lactate production. Whether the changes in enzyme activities are primary to the selective atrophy remains to be established.

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Circulating Foxp3+CD4+ cell numbers in atopic patients and healthy control subjects

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.036 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 120 (4) ◽

pp. 960-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Kanami Orihara ◽

Masami Narita ◽

Takashi Tobe ◽

Akira Akasawa ◽

Yukihiro Ohya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Numbers ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Cd4 Cell

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Evaluation of a Detoxification Service for Habitual Drunken Offenders

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.135.1.28 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John R. Hamilton

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Chronic Alcoholic ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Referral Service

SummaryThe progress of 52 chronic alcoholic habitual drunken offenders who were offered a detoxification, assessment and referral service as an alternative to penal management for their public drunkenness was compared over a year with 48 control subjects, and each group's progress in the experimental year was compared with that in the previous year. The ‘detoxification’ patients were found not to have benefited as regards their alcoholism or episodes of drunkenness, though their periods of abstinence were longer. There were significant improvements in their accommodation and self-reported quality of life, and it is likely that their physical and perhaps mental health improved.

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