scholarly journals Selected Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm in Soybean in Virginia, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against CEW and GCW in soybean. ‘Hutcheson’ soybean was planted 15 June in a producer’s field in Greensville County, VA, using an 18-inch row spacing. All treatments were broadcast as foliar sprays with water on 27 August using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.3 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS flat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 50 ft. Insect samples were taken using a 15-cm diameter sweep net, 15 sweeps per plot. Pre-treatment insect populations were assessed just prior to treatment application by taking several 15-sweep samples throughout the planned test area. Post-treatment samples were taken 2, 4, 8, 12, and 21 days after treatment (DAT) by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars) and total CEW larvae, and total (all sizes) GCW larvae. Data were analyzing using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Foliar Applied Insecticides on Potato Leafhopper in Virginia-Type Peanut, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Test Area ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Area Data

Abstract Selected foliar applied insecticides were evaluated against PLH in Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted on a producer’s farm in Isle of Wight County, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Foliar treatments were applied on 31 Jul as a full-coverage spray with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three D2-13 hollow-cone nozzles per row, one over the top and one on each side of each row. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates. Plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. PLH were sampled by making 5 sweeps per plot with a 15-cm-diameter sweep net and counting numbers of captured adults and nymphs. The pre-treatment sample was not taken on each plot, but was comprised of 20 random 5-sweep samples distributed throughout the planned test area. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.

scholarly journals Different Application Schedules and Insecticide Rates for Control of Bollworm in Virginia Cotton. 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Over The Top

Abstract Different application schedules with insecticides at different rates were evaluated for control of bollworm in VA. ‘Sure-Grow 501’ cotton was planted 1 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gpa at 50 psi through three, D2-13 disc-core hollow cone nozzles per row, one over the top of the row and one on each side. Four application schedule/insecticide rate combinations were tested: 1)3 applications at the standard rate, the 1 st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d, and the 3rd in l0d; 2) 2 applications at the standard rate, the 1st at the egg threshold, the 2nd in 5d; 3) 2 applications, the 1st at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate, and the 2nd in 5d using the standard rate; 4) 1 application at the egg threshold using 1.6x the standard rate. Egg threshold application was based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruil (squares or bolls). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 6 rows by 30 ft. Boll damage and bollworm numbers were determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (60 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Selected Granular Insecticide Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Two Peanut Fields, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-283
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract Granular insecticides were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in Virginia-type peanut in 2 fields in Suffolk, VA. The 2 fields selected differed in soil characteristics but were both considered to represent a moderate level of risk to pod damage by SCR. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanuts were planted on 3 May (Field 1) and 23 May (Field 2) using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row with a tractor-mounted Noble granular applicator on 28 June (at the time of early pegging). A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 200 ft (Field 1) and 4 rows by 180 ft (Field 2). Pod injury was determined 28 Aug and again 25 Sep from all full-sized pods from 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Pods were categorized as immature or mature and as undamaged, scarred (superficial damage to the outer pod wall), or penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was determined by digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot (400 row ft per plot, 4 Oct - Field 1; 360 row ft per plot, 14 Oct - Field 2). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

scholarly journals Selected Liquid and Granular Treatments for Control of Southern Corn Rootworm Injury in Peanut, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
D. A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Southern Corn Rootworm ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract Liquid and granular insecticide formulations were evaluated for control of SCR pod injury in cv. ‘NC 7’ Virginia-type peanut in Suffolk, VA. Peanuts were planted on 11 May using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied in a 14-inch band over the row either just before planting (band, ppi), at planting (at plant), or on 28 Jun (flowering). Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gal formulation per acre at 22 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. Granules were applied with a tractor- or bicycle-mounted Noble granular applicator. Preplant treatments were soil incorporated 3 to 4 inches deep using a land conditioner. Flowering time banded treatments were lightly soil incorporated with cultivator sweeps in row middles. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Pod injury was determined 20 Sept from 100 randomly selected pods per plot, taken from 5 plants per plot (20 pods/plant). Pods were categorized as undamaged, scarred (apparently superficial damage to the outer pod wall), or penetrated (pod wall penetrated). Yield was based on digging, combining (4 Oct), drying and weighing peanuts from the two center rows (60 row feet) of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.

Velvetbean Caterpillar Control on Louisiana Soybean, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-272
Author(s):  
J. D. Thomas ◽  
A. T. Wier ◽  
M. L. Boyd ◽  
S. Lingren ◽  
D. J. Boethel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract The efficacy of selected insecticides for control of VBC was evaluated in 3 small plot insecticide trials at the St. Gabriel Research Station near St. Gabriel, LA. Treatments in all 3 tests were applied to ‘Buckshot 723’ soybean in the R5 growth stage using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 1/ha at 2.66 kg/cm2 through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots in all tests were 5 rows wide (0.91 m row spacing) by 15.2 m, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. At 2 and 7 DAT in each test, one 25 sweep sample was taken from each plot with a standard 38.2 cm diam sweep net. Test 1 was applied 6 Sep, Test 2 was applied 8 Sep, and Tesi 3 was applied 14 Sep.

scholarly journals Control of Aphids on Mustard in a Commercial Field, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
J. V. Edelson ◽  
M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Commercial Field

Abstract A commercial production field of mustard was used for this trial. Plants were grown in 6 row beds on 6 ft centers. The field was direct seeded in Apr approximately 1 mile west of Webbers Falls, OK. Small plots were delimited on one edge of the field. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 7 treatments. Insecticide applications were made on 23 and 29 May using a bicycle tire mounted sprayer with 4 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS26) per bed applying 40 gpa solution at 42 psi. Plots were 1 bed wide and 20 ft long with 5 ft alleys between plots. Insect populations were surveyed by examining 5 plants per plot on 29 May (prior to the second application of insecticides) and 3 Jun to determine treatment effects.

Control of Insects on Potatoes, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Author(s):  
R. E. Foster ◽  
W. G. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Seed pieces were planted 15 May at the Pinney Purdue Research Farm, Wanatah, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. All Admire 2F treatments were applied in the furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied 28 Jun, 12 and 31 Jul. CPB were counted on ten plants per plot on 27 Jun, 5, 17 Jul and 7 Aug. PLH adults were monitored with a sweep net. Results are presented as the average number of CPB per 10 plants or average number of PLH adults per 20 sweeps. Yields were measured by harvesting all marketable tubers from each plot on 30 Aug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Soybean Looper on Soybean, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Author(s):  
Z. D. DeLamar ◽  
T. P. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Auburn University ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Sheet Sample ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Abstract This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled soybeans at the E. V. Smith Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University at Tallassee, AL. Eleven treatments including an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Each plot was 6 rows wide (30 inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 15 ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 13 Aug using a boom sprayer with one 80003 flat fan nozzle per row operating at 32 psi and delivering 8.0 gal/acre. Insect populations were monitored with 2 beat sheet samples per plot. One beat sheet sample was done when 36 inches of the 2 adjacent rows were sampled by beating the plants vigorously over the beat sheet. Insects were identified and recorded in situ. Samples were taken 18 h before treatment and at 3, 7 and 10 DAT.

scholarly journals Control of Tobacco Budworm with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, Trial 1, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-386
Author(s):  
Daniel Gerace ◽  
Whitney S. Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Treatment Application

Abstract Plots were established on 6 Aug ir flower beds which were located in the median of an urban boulevard. Landmarks were used to delineate plots approximately 6 X 3 ft each prior to treatment. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Treatments were applied using hand-held spray bottles at a rate of 3 fl oz of insecticide solution per plot. Thuricide, Pyrethrin, Bioneem, and Naturalis-O were applied weekly after sampling was performed. Sevimol, Talstar and Scimitar were applied twice, first on 6 Aug and again on the 29 Aug. Two different cultivars of petunias were present in the plots, the blue cultivar had an average density of 140 full blooms/yd2 and the pink cultivar had an average density of 235 full blooms/yd2. The number of damaged blooms in the center sq yd of eaci plot was counted weekly throughout the course of the experiment. Bloom damage was reflected in holes in flowers and buds, and/or ragged edges. Eval uation on 14 Aug included damage that was already caused prior to treatment application.

The Wog Wog Habitat Fragmentation Experiment

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Margules
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Drainage Line ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Line Sample

An experiment to study the effects of habitat fragmentation on biological diversity was commenced in an Eucalyptus forest, in February 1985, at Wog Wog in southeastern New South Wales, Australia. The two hypotheses which are being tested are (1) that habitat fragmentation reduces biological diversity, and (2) that the reduction in diversity is fragment-size dependent.The experimental design consists of three fragment-sizes replicated six times. The sizes are 0.25 ha, 0.875 ha, and 3.062 ha, the two larger ones being progressively c. 3.5 times the size of the smaller ones. Four replicates (12 fragments) were retained as Eucalyptus forest when the surrounding land was cleared for a softwood (Pinus radiata) plantation. Two replicates (six fragments) are controls in an adjacent State Forest.The sampling is stratified into slopes, drainage lines, and inner and outer zones, with samples replicated twice in each stratum. Thus, there are two outer slope and two outer drainage-line sample sites, and two inner slope and two inner drainage-line sample sites. This gives 144 permanent sample sites within the Eucalyptus forest.Following the experimental treatment, a further 44 permanent sample sites were established between the fragments. Aranae, Phalangida, Formicidae, Scorpionidae, Diplopoda, Coleoptera, and vascular plants, are the main groups of organisms involved in the experiment. Mosses and liverworts, breeding birds, small ground-mammals, skinks, and bats, are also being monitored.Monitoring commenced in February 1985. The experimental treatment, i.e. forest fragmentation, took place during 1987. Two years after the treatment there were still no experimental results, because of the inherent delays in sorting and identifying the arthropods, and in establishing and managing the very large database involved. However, the analysis of some pre-treatment data is used to assess the experimental design. This analysis demonstrates the importance of adequate replication in ecological field experiments.

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