scholarly journals Leaf Water Relations and Net Gas Exchange Responses of Salinized Carrizo Citrange Seedlings during Drought Stress and Recovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Pérez-Pérez ◽  
J. P. Syvertsen ◽  
P. Botía ◽  
F. García-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Carrizo Citrange

Salinity and drought stress effects on foliar ion concentration, water relations, and photosynthetic characteristics of orchard citrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Syvertsen ◽  
J Lloyd ◽  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Mature Leaves

Effects of salinity and drought stress on foliar ion concentration, water relations and net gas exchange were evaluated in mature Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) on Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (Tri) or sweet orange (C. sinensis, Swt) rootstocks at Dareton on the Murray River in New South Wales. Trees had been irrigated with river water which averaged 4 mol m-3 chloride (Cl-) or with river water plus NaCl to produce 10, 14 or 20 mol m-3 Cl- during the previous 3 years. Chloride concentrations in leaves of trees on Tri were significantly higher than those on Swt rootstock. Foliar sodium (Na+) and Cl- concentrations increased and potassium (K+) concentrations decreased as leaves aged, especially under irrigation with 20 mol m-3 Cl-. Leaf osmotic potential was reduced as leaves matured and also by high salinity so that reductions in leaf water potential were offset. Mature leaves had a lower stomatal conductances and higher water use efficiency than young leaves. After 2 months of withholding irrigation water, leaves of low salinity trees on Tri rootstock had higher rates of net gas exchange than those on Swt rootstock, indicating rootstock-affected drought tolerance. Previous treatment with 20 mol m-3 Cl- lowered leaf area index of all trees by more than 50%, and resulted in greater reserves of soil moisture under partially defoliated trees after the drought treatment. This was reflected in more rapid evening recovery of leaf water potential and less severe reductions in net gas exchange after drought treatment in high salinity trees on Swt rootstock. High salinity plus drought stress increased Na+ content of leaves on Swt, but not on Tri rootstocks. Drought stress had no additive effect, with high salinity on osmotic potential of mature leaves. Thus, the salinity-induced reduction in leaf area appeared to be independent of the Cl- exclusion capability of the rootstock and decreased the effects of subsequent drought stress on leaf water relations and net gas exchange.

Leaf water relations and gas exchange response to water deficit of olive (cv. Cobrançosa) in field grown conditions in Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 402 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela A. Fernandes-Silva ◽  
Álvaro López-Bernal ◽  
Timóteo C. Ferreira ◽  
Francisco J. Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Response To Water

scholarly journals Interstock of ‘Valencia’ Orange Affects the Flooding Tolerance in ‘Verna’ Lemon Trees

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gimeno ◽  
James P. Syvertsen ◽  
Inma Simon ◽  
Vicente Martinez ◽  
Jose M. Camara-Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Valencia Orange

Previous work on citrus trees has shown that an interstock, grafted between the rootstock and scion combination, not only can improve tree growth, longevity, fruit production, and quality, but also can increase salinity tolerance. This research was designed to evaluate flooding responses of 2-year-old ‘Verna’ lemon trees [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.; VL] either grafted on ‘Sour’ orange (C. aurantium L.; SO) rootstock without an interstock (VL/SO) or interstocked with ‘Valencia’ orange (C. sinensis Osbeck;VL/V/SO) or with ‘Castellano’ orange (C. sinensis Osbeck; VL/C/SO). Well-watered and fertilized trees were grown under greenhouse conditions and half were flooded for 9 days. At the end of the flooded period, leaf water relations, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, mineral nutrition, organic solutes, and carbohydrate concentrations were measured. Leaf water potential (Ψw), relative water content (RWC), net CO2 assimilation rate (ACO2), and stomatal conductance (gS) were decreased by flooding in all the trees but the greatest decreases occurred in VL/V/SO. The Ci/Ca (leaf internal CO2 to ambient CO2 ratio), Fv/Fo (potential activity of PSII) and Fv/Fm (maximum quantum efficiency) ratios were similar in flooded and non-flooded VL/SO and VL/C/SO trees but were decreased in VL/V/SO trees by flooding. Regardless of interstock, flooding increased root calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) concentration but decreased nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentration. Based on the leaf water relations, gas exchange, and chlorophyll parameters, ‘Verna’ lemon trees interstocked with ‘Valencia’ orange had the least flooding tolerance. Regardless of interstock, the detrimental effect of flooding in ‘Verna’ lemon trees was the leaf dehydration which decreased ACO2 as a result of non-stomatal factors. Lowered ACO2 did not decrease the leaf carbohydrate concentration. Flooding decreased root starch in all trees but more so in VL/V/SO trees. Sugars were decreased by flooding in roots of interstocked trees but were increased by flooding in VL/SO roots suggesting that the translocation of carbohydrates from shoots to roots under flooded condition was impaired in interstocked trees.

Changes in leaf water relations, gas exchange, growth and flowering quality in potted geranium plants irrigated with different water regimes

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Jesús Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
Sara Álvarez ◽  
Alejandra Navarro ◽  
Sebastián Bañón
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Water Regimes
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