scholarly journals Is size an issue of time? Relationship between the duration of xylem development and cell traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Buttò ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Annie Deslauriers ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

Abstract Background and Aims Secondary growth is a process related to the formation of new cells that increase in size and wall thickness during xylogenesis. Temporal dynamics of wood formation influence cell traits, in turn affecting cell patterns across the tree ring. We verified the hypothesis that cell diameter and cell wall thickness are positively correlated with the duration of their differentiation phases. Methods Histological sections were produced by microcores to assess the periods of cell differentiation in black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.]. Samples were collected weekly between 2002 and 2016 from a total of 50 trees in five sites along a latitudinal gradient in Quebec (Canada). The intra-annual temporal dynamics of cell differentiation were estimated at a daily scale, and the relationships between cell traits and duration of differentiation were fitted using a modified von Bertalanffy growth equation. Key Results At all sites, larger cell diameters and cell wall thicknesses were observed in cells that experienced a longer period of differentiation. The relationship was a non-linear, decreasing trend that occasionally resulted in a clear asymptote. Overall, secondary wall deposition lasted longer than cell enlargement. Earlywood cells underwent an enlargement phase that lasted for 12 d on average, while secondary wall thickness lasted 15 d. Enlargement in latewood cells averaged 7 d and secondary wall deposition occurred over an average of 27 d. Conclusions Cell size across the tree ring is closely connected to the temporal dynamics of cell formation. Similar relationships were observed among the five study sites, indicating shared xylem formation dynamics across the entire latitudinal distribution of the species.The duration of cell differentiation is a key factor involved in cell growth and wall thickening of xylem, thereby determining the spatial variation of cell traits across the tree ring.

Phenological Comparison of the Onset of Vessel Formation Between Ring-Porous and Diffuse-Porous Deciduous Trees in a Japanese Temperate Forest

IAWA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Suzuki ◽  
Kiyotsugu Yoda ◽  
Hitoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Water Conduction ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Initiation of vessel formation and vessel maturation indicated by secondary wall deposition have been compared in eleven deciduous broadleaved tree species. In ring-porous species the first vessel element formation in the current growth ring was initiated two to six weeks prior to the onset of leaf expansion, and secondary wall deposition on the vessel elements was completed from one week before to three weeks after leaf expansion. In diffuse-porous species, the first vessel element formation was initiated two to seven weeks after the onset of leaf expansion, and secondary wall deposition was completed four to nine weeks after leaf expansion. These results suggest that early maturation of the first vessel elements in the ring-porous species will serve for water conduction in early spring. On the contrary, the late maturation of the first vessel elements in the diffuse-porous species indicates that no new functional vessels exist at the time of the leaf expansion.

ZmNST3 and ZmNST4 are master switches for secondary wall deposition in maize ( Zea mays L.)

Plant Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhan Xiao ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Jingjuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

Secondary wall deposition in tracheary elements of cucumber grown in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaliamoorthy ◽  
K.V. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

The structure of the cell wall in lignifield collenchyma of Eryngium sp. (Umbelliferae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Microfibril Orientation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

In Eryngium vesiculosum and E. rostratum, the leaf collenchyma is characterized by the development of a lignified secondary wall in the final stages of cell differentiation. The collenchyma wall is rich in pectic substances which are distributed uniformly. In the outer limiting region of the collenchyma wall the microfibril orientation is random and this structure is considered to be the wall formed at cell division. The collenchyma wall consists of six to eight layers in which the microfibrils are alternately transversely and longitudinally oriented. Each layer consists of a number of lamellae of microfibrils. In the secondary lignified wall the cellulose microfibrils are arranged helically, the direction of their orientation making an angle of 40-45° to the cell axis. Excised leaf segments showed greatest elongation in solutions of glucose and 3-indoleacetic acid, when the collenchyma walls were thin, and no elongation occurred in segments in which secondary wall formation had commenced. In radial sections layers of transversely oriented microfibrils could not be seen distant from the lumen although discontinuities in wall texture were apparent. Layers of transversely oriented microfibrils could be seen adjacent to the lumen. It is suggested that reorientation of layers of initially transversely oriented microfibrils takes place during elongation of the cells.

scholarly journals Overexpression of walldof transcription factor increases secondary wall deposition and alters carbon partitioning in poplar

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel R Gerhardt ◽  
Silvia B Filippi ◽  
Vagner Okura ◽  
Jaime Coutinho ◽  
Ana P Rizzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

scholarly journals Mutations of Arabidopsis TBL32 and TBL33 Affect Xylan Acetylation and Secondary Wall Deposition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youxi Yuan ◽  
Quincy Teng ◽  
Ruiqin Zhong ◽  
Marziyeh Haghighat ◽  
Elizabeth A. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition

scholarly journals Phellem translational landscape throughout secondary development in Arabidopsis roots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Leal ◽  
Pedro Miguel Barros ◽  
Boris Parizot ◽  
Helena Sapeta ◽  
Nick Vangheluwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
List Type ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Functional Studies

SummaryThe phellem is a specialized boundary tissue providing the first line of defense against abiotic and biotic stresses in organs undergoing secondary growth. Phellem cells undergo several differentiation steps, which include cell wall suberization, cell expansion and programmed cell death. Yet, the molecular players acting particularly in phellem cell differentiation remain poorly described, particularly in the widely used model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.Using specific marker lines we followed the onset and progression of phellem differentiation in A. thaliana roots, and further targeted the translatome of new developed phellem cells using Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification followed by mRNA sequencing (TRAP-SEQ).We showed that phellem suberization is initiated early after phellogen (cork cambium) division. The specific translational landscape was organized in three main domains related to energy production, synthesis and transport of cell wall components, and response to stimulus. Novel players in phellem differentiation, related to suberin monomer transport and assembly, as well as novel transcription regulators were identified.This strategy provided an unprecedented resolution of the transcriptome of developing phellem cells, giving a detailed and specific view on the molecular mechanisms controlling cell differentiation in periderm tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis.Significance statementTo improve the understanding of phellem differentiation into a suberized protective layer, we followed the establishment of periderm in Arabidopsis roots and sequenced the phellem-specific translatome. We found that phellem suberization occurs shortly after pericycle cell divisions with the induction of pivotal suberin biosynthesis genes. In parallel, we detected the activation of three central genetic modules acting throughout the phellem differentiation. This study provides a unique and targeted genetic resource for further functional studies of phellem tissues.

Microtubules and secondary wall deposition in xylem: The effects of isopropylN-phenylcarbamate

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny L. Brower ◽  
Peter K. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition
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