scholarly journals A-249 Evidence for Frontal Lobe Involvement in the Visual Processing Streams

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044
Author(s):  
Leonard S ◽  
Hall T
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Orbital Roof ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract Objective Extant literature supports the “Two-Stream Hypothesis” of visual processing including a ventral stream (connecting the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe) and a dorsal stream (connecting the occipital lobe to the parietal lobe), but is not traditionally believed to involve the frontal lobe. Method “Eddie”, a healthy 14-year-old male, sustained a penetrating brain injury by accidentally lodging a pool cue through his right orbital bones and piercing his right frontal lobe through to the skull. He was ambulatory, awake, and alert on arrival to the ED, with a laceration, swelling, and bleeding of the eyelid. A cranial CT revealed a complex orbital roof fracture, injury to the orbit, and right frontal contusions. Eddie underwent a right supraorbital craniotomy with repair of the orbital roof fracture and debridement of bony fragments. Post-operative MRI revealed right frontal parenchymal edema and patchy areas of contusion. Results Neuropsychological evaluation revealed a robust cognitive reserve including verbal skills, working memory, processing speed, and word reading skills in the high average. Eddie demonstrated significant discrepancies in visually mediated skills including relatively weaker visual–spatial skills (24 standard score (SS) points lower than verbal skills), fluid reasoning with visual problem-solving (30 SS points lower than verbal skills), low average judgment of line orientation, and a discrepancy between verbal and visual memory. He also demonstrated mild difficulties consistent with his right orbito-frontal injury including weaknesses regarding impulsivity, self-monitoring, planning, and task approach. Conclusions The current case demonstrates possible involvement of the frontal lobe in the visual processing pathways.

Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Shanshan Qu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Guanzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Limbic Lobe ◽  
The Right

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.

scholarly journals Stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain pathological focuses

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zlobin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affective Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain damage. 157 people with a diagnosis of vascular dementia were examined. Group 1 included 22 people with localization of the pathological process in the frontal lobe, group 2 — 18 patients with lesions of the temporal lobe, group 3 — 17 patients with lesions of the parietal lobe, group 4 — 15 patients with lesions of the occipital lobe, group 5 — 68 people with total defeat. All contingents are post-stroke patients over 50 years old, the average age is 68.12 years. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-instrumental, experimental-psychological, anamnestic, clinical-statistical. The stable complexes (clusters) of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain lesions were determined. Revealing the following stable associations “localization — cluster”: frontal lobe — subpsychotic cluster (delusion — hallucinations — euphoria — agitation — depression); temporal lobe — asthenoanxiotic cluster (anxiety — irritability — agitation — sleep disturbances — apathy); parietal lobe — excitable-depressive cluster (depression — agitation — irritability — sleep disturbances); occipital lobe — affectocentric cluster (anxiety — depression — agitation — irritability); total defeat — asthenopathoideatoric cluster (apathy — irritability — agitation — anxiety — delirium). The identification of the association allows one to confidently determine the nature of the expected neuropsychiatric symptoms immediately after obtaining neuroimaging data regarding the localization of the lesion, which creates optimal conditions for the timely formation of a program of appropriate therapeutic interventions. Key words: vascular dementia, psychopathology, affective symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, geriatric psychiatry

scholarly journals Computational Modeling, Neuroscience, and Visual Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Cognitive Hierarchy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Brain

Computational Modeling and Visual Algorithm allows for the creation of a Visual cognitive diagram that explains areas of the brain they represent to spatial abstraction and mental calculation. For example, the temporal lobe is associated with memory and the occipital lobe is associated with vision. The cerebral cortex is where decision- making, thinking, and information process takes place. Moreover, in the frontal lobe is where decision making, takes place and the parietal lobe influences areas of the brain that correlate to spatial calculation and mind mapping. This is created in a diagram that expresses each area like a visual algorithm. A visual algorithm is created in different scales that are associated with numerical numbers and the frontal lobe sub division [1]. The creation of this visual algorithm explains the nodes and the functioning of the levels of the brain and neuroscience. The connection and the functions of the brain control our learning, motor content, and mayor nerve connections. The visual algorithm present an abstract and perception pattern to look at thinks. It connects with the nodes that affect our cognitive human perception factor. The lobes of the brain resemble this area and provide an in-depth understanding to what a cognitive hierarchy is. The lobes are important factor to the perception of thinking, learning, and memory. Each one with a significant function to learning and neuroscience [2]

Influence of Parameter Settings in Voxel-based Morphometry 8

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Abe ◽  
S. Aoki ◽  
N. Hayashi ◽  
T. Miyati ◽  
H. Takao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Orbital Gyrus

Summary Objectives: To investigate whether reproducibility of gray matter volumetry is influenced by parameter settings for VBM 8 using Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) with region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. Methods: We prepared three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (3D-T1WIs) of 21 healthy subjects. All subjects were imaged with each of five MRI systems. Voxel-based morphometry 8 (VBM 8) and WFU PickAtlas software were used for gray matter volumetry. The bilateral ROI labels used were those provided as default settings with the software: Frontal Lobe, Hippocampus, Occipital Lobe, Orbital Gyrus, Parietal Lobe, Putamen, and Temporal Lobe. All 3D-T1WIs were segmented to gray matter with six parameters of VBM 8, with each parameter having between three and eight selectable levels. Reproducibility was evaluated as the standard deviation (mm3) of measured values for the five MRI systems. Results: Reproducibility was influenced by ‘Bias regularization (BiasR)’, ‘Bias FWHM’, and ‘De-noising filter’ settings, but not by ‘MRF weighting’, ‘Sampling distance’, or ‘Warping regularization’ settings. Reproducibility in BiasR was influenced by ROI. Superior reproducibility was observed in Frontal Lobe with the BiasR1 setting, and in Hippocampus, Parietal Lobe, and Putamen with the BiasR3*, BiasR1, and BiasR5 settings, respectively. Conclusion: Reproducibility of gray matter volumetry was influenced by parameter settings in VBM 8 using DARTEL and ROI. In multi-center studies, the use of appropriate settings in VBM 8 with DARTEL results in reduced scanner effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two infants with myotonic dystrophy by the McFie's diagram from the results of WISC

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (3B) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA MARIA DUARTE WIGG ◽  
LUIZ ANTONIO ALVES DURO
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Psychological Test ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impairment Severity

In this paper the authors disclose the result of a research carried out on two brothers whose parents were first cousins, being the gene transmitted by the father. The psychological test Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children (WISC) was used in two occasions in order to assess the verbal and non-verbal skills. FRM and IRM were nine and eleven-year-old respectively, in the first examination, being the former thirteen and the latter fifteen-year-old on the second one. A comparison between the McFie's diagram and the WISC scores was made: the McFie's diagram showed the impairment severity in each cortical lobe when the left hemisphere was compared with the right one. The McFie's diagram was made from WISC's scores: the McFie's diagram showed the impairment severity in each cortical lobe when the left hemisphere was compared with the right one. On the second examination the performance was worse than in the first, mainly in the non-verbal aspects. The IRM's diagram showed a reduction in the right frontal and parietal lobes. In the FRM's diagram a reduction in the left frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, and also, in the right parietal lobe was found. The visual-spatial constructive aspects showed greatest impairment in this result.

scholarly journals Implied Motion Language can Influence Visual Memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Vinson ◽  
Jan Engelen ◽  
Rolf Antonius Zwaan ◽  
Rick Dale ◽  
Teenie Matlock
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Implied Motion ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Language And Vision ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Visual Spatial Memory

How do language and vision interact? Specifically, what impact can language have on visual processing, especially related to spatial memory? What are typically considered errors in visual processing, such as remembering the location of an object to be farther along its motion trajectory than it actually is, can be explained as perceptual achievements that are driven by our ability to anticipate future events. In twohree experiments we tested whether the prior presentation of motion language influences visual spatial memory in ways that afford greater perceptual prediction. Experiment One found that motion language influenced judgments for the spatial memory of an object that implied motion. Experiment Two replicated this finding. A summary analysis comparing Experiment One and Experiment Two shows how motion language influences judgments of spatial memory beyond the implied motion present in the image itself. Our findings support a theory of perception as prediction.

Shared Predictors of Academic Achievement in Children with ADHD: A Multi-Sample Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110120
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Carrasco ◽  
Chi-Ching Chuang ◽  
Gail Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Predictors Of Academic Achievement

Objective: To identify common and shared predictors of academic achievement across samples of children with ADHD. Method: Two clinically referred samples from New Zealand (1 n = 88, 82% boys; 2 n = 121, 79% boys) and two community samples from the United States (3 n = 111, 65% boys; 4 n = 114, 69% boys), completed similar diagnostic, cognitive and academic assessments. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified significant predictors of word reading, spelling, and math computation performance in each sample. Results: Entered after IQ, semantic language, age at testing, and verbal working memory emerged as consistent predictors of achievement across academic subjects and samples. Visual-spatial working memory contributed to variance in math performance only. Symptom severity explained limited variance. Conclusions: We recommend evaluations of children with ADHD incorporate assessments of working memory and language skills. Classroom/academic interventions should accommodate reduced working memory and address any identified language weaknesses.

Eloquence-based reperfusion scoring and its ability to predict post-thrombectomy disability and functional status

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110464
Author(s):  
Elliot Pressman ◽  
Victoria Sands ◽  
Gabriel Flores ◽  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Rahul Mhaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Endovascular Thrombectomy ◽  
Post Procedure

Background Angiographic reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke is commonly graded using volume-based reperfusion scores such as the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarct score. The location of non-reperfused regions is not included in modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarct score. We studied the predictive ability of an eloquence-based reperfusion score. Methods Consecutive cases of endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation strokes performed between January 2018 and April 2020 were included. Digital subtraction angiograms were reviewed by two blinded neurointerventionalist operators. Incomplete reperfusion was further classified by lobar regions lacking reperfusion to create various cohorts. Outcomes were graded four to seven days post-procedure with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and 90 days post-procedure with the modified Rankin Scale. Results One hundred patients were identified. Via multivariate analysis, we found that frontal lobe non-reperfusion (mean difference (MD) = −1.60, p = 0.002) and occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −1.68, p = 0.001) were associated with worse mental status improvement while left-sided stroke (MD = 2.02, p < 0.001) featured better improvement post-thrombectomy. Occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −0.734, p = 0.009) was associated with the worse improvement of visual fields. The non-reperfusion of the frontal lobe was associated with a 1.732-worse NIHSS hemibody strength score (95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −3.39 to −0.072, p = 0.041). Worse improvement in NIHSS scores was found to be associated with frontal lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −5.34, 95%CI = −9.52 to −1.18, p = 0.013) and occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −6.35, 95%CI = −10.4 to −2.31, p = 0.002). Odds of achieving modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 at 90 days were decreased with frontal lobe non-reperfusion (odds ratio (OR) = 0.279, 95%CI = 0.090–0.869, p = 0.028) and left laterality (OR = 0.376, 95%CI = 0.153–0.922, p = 0.033). Conclusions Eloquence-based reperfusion assessment is an important predictor for functional outcomes after thrombectomy.

An explainable Artificial Intelligence approach to study MCI to AD conversion via HD-EEG processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110636
Author(s):  
Francesco Carlo Morabito ◽  
Cosimo Ieracitano ◽  
Nadia Mammone
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Explainable Artificial Intelligence

An explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) approach is proposed to longitudinally monitor subjects affected by Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG). To this end, a group of MCI patients was enrolled at IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo of Messina (Italy) within a follow-up protocol that included two evaluations steps: T0 (first evaluation) and T1 (three months later). At T1, four MCI patients resulted converted to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and were included in the analysis as the goal of this work was to use xAI to detect individual changes in EEGs possibly related to the degeneration from MCI to AD. The proposed methodology consists in mapping segments of HD-EEG into channel-frequency maps by means of the power spectral density. Such maps are used as input to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), trained to label the maps as “T0” (MCI state) or “T1” (AD state). Experimental results reported high intra-subject classification performance (accuracy rate up to 98.97% (95% confidence interval: 98.68–99.26)). Subsequently, the explainability of the proposed CNN is explored via a Grad-CAM approach. The procedure allowed to detect which EEG-channels (i.e., head region) and range of frequencies (i.e., sub-bands) resulted more active in the progression to AD. The xAI analysis showed that the main information is included in the delta sub-band and that, limited to the analyzed dataset, the highest relevant areas are: the left-temporal and central-frontal lobe for Sb01, the parietal lobe for Sb02, the left-frontal lobe for Sb03 and the left-frontotemporal region for Sb04.

Frontal lobe abscess due to orbital roof blow out fracture

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
A. Alkadhimi ◽  
M. Chung ◽  
A.J. Sidebottom
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Orbital Roof
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