scholarly journals B - 49Comparison of Computerized Versus Oral Administration of the Digit Span Task

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-794
Author(s):  
J Beach ◽  
S Aita ◽  
A Francia ◽  
D Lamay ◽  
S Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Span Task

scholarly journals Why expressive suppression does not pay? Cognitive costs of negative emotion suppression: The mediating role of subjective tense-arousal

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Szczygieł ◽  
Tomasz Maruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Abstract The aim of this paper was to contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive consequences of expressive suppression. Specifically, we examined whether the deteriorating effect of expressive suppression on cognitive functioning is caused by tense arousal enhanced by suppression. Two experiments were performed in order to test this prediction. In both studies we tested the effect of expressive suppression on working memory, as measured with a backwards digit-span task (Study 1, N = 43) and anagram problem-solving task (Study 2, N = 60). In addition, in Study 2 we tested whether expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression. Both studies were conducted in a similar design: Participants watched a film clip which evoked negative emotions (i.e. disgust in Study 1 and a combination of sadness and anxiety in Study 2) under the instruction to suppress those negative emotions or (in the control condition) to simply watch the film. The results of these experiments lead to three conclusions. First, the results reveal that expressive suppression degrades memory of the events that emerged during the period of expressive suppression and leads to poorer performance on working memory tasks, as measured with a backwards digit-span task and anagram problem-solving task. Second, the results indicate that expressive suppression leads to a significant increase in subjective tense arousal. Third, the results support our prediction that expressive suppression decreases cognitive performance through its effects on subjective tense arousal. The results of the Study 1 show that tense arousal activated during expressive suppression of disgust fully mediates the negative effect of suppression on working memory as measured with a backwards digit-span task. The results of Study 2 reveal that subjective tense arousal elicited while suppressing sadness and anxiety mediates both the effect of suppression on working memory - as measured with the anagram task - and memory of the events that occurred during the period of suppression.

scholarly journals P50 Gating is Not Affected by Selective Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan H. Kho ◽  
Robbert J. Verkes ◽  
Paul Eling ◽  
Machiel J. Zwarts ◽  
Bart Ellenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Attention Condition ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Distraction Condition

Abstract The influence of selective attention on P50 gating - the decline of the amplitude of the P50 component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) to the second of a pair of clicks - was examined. Three conditions were presented in counterbalanced order to 29 healthy volunteers: a baseline condition, in which the double click was presented and no specific task was required, an attention condition in which attention to the clicks was required, and a distraction condition in which paired clicks were presented during rehearsal time of a reversed digit span task. P50 gating, as measured with ratio and difference scores, did not differ across the three conditions. However, the amplitude of the N100 showed an increase in the attention condition compared to the two nonattention conditions, supporting the validity of our task manipulations. The data on P50 demonstrate that P50 gating is not affected by attentional manipulations.

Basic skills in a complex task: A graphical model relating memory and lexical retrieval to simultaneous interpreting

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
INGRID K. CHRISTOFFELS ◽  
ANNETTE M. B. DE GROOT ◽  
LOURENS J. WALDORP
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Models ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Reading Span ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Word Translation

Simultaneous interpreting (SI) is a complex skill, where language comprehension and production take place at the same time in two different languages. In this study we identified some of the basic cognitive skills involved in SI, focusing on the roles of memory and lexical retrieval. We administered a reading span task in two languages and a verbal digit span task in the native language to assess memory capacity, and a picture naming and a word translation task to tap the retrieval time of lexical items in two languages, and we related performance on these four tasks to interpreting skill in untrained bilinguals. The results showed that word translation and picture naming latencies correlate with interpreting performance. Also digit span and reading span were associated with SI performance, only less strongly so. A graphical models analysis indicated that specifically word translation efficiency and working memory form independent subskills of SI performance in untrained bilinguals.

Hemodynamic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex during Digit Span Task: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kaneko ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Kenji Nomura ◽  
Hiroyuki Ito ◽  
Hoshiko Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes

Capacity limitations in short-term memory in schizophrenia: tests of competing hypotheses

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. GOLDBERG ◽  
K. J. PATTERSON ◽  
Y. TAQQU ◽  
K. WILDER
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interference Task ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Capacity Limitation ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Normal Controls

Background. Capacity limitation theories have proved to be surprisingly resilient in characterizing some of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. However, this perspective has not generally been applied to short-term verbal memory tasks. We explored this issue by first attempting to ascertain if gross misallocations of processing resources might explain impairments in short-term memory in schizophrenia on a classic digit span task and in a second study by attempting to determine what effects delay and memory set size had on a divided attention short-term verbal memory paradigm.Methods. In the first study 16 patients with schizophrenia and 21 normal controls received 40 trials of a three digit task and 20 trials of a six digit span task. As the absolute number of digits presented and duration of presentation in two conditions were identical, subjects thus had equivalent ‘opportunities’ to make errors if distraction, in the sense of misallocation of cognitive resources, were at the root of poor performance. In the second study 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 normal controls were tested in conditions in which two, four or six words were presented and in which rehearsal was prevented by an interference task (colour naming) for delays of 5, 10 or 15 s.Results. Patients had disproportionate difficulty on the six digit rather than the three digit condition, suggesting that deficits in the verbal working memory short-term store may not be the result of attentional factors. In the second study, patients' performance was differentially worsened by the interference task, by memory set size (i.e. a capacity limitation) and by delay, a measure of decay rate.Conclusions. In concert, these studies demonstrate that schizophrenia patients have difficulties on verbal short-term memory span tasks not because of misallocation of resources, but rather because of limitations in ‘representational capacity’ and maintenance of information over delays.

scholarly journals The Digit Span Backwards Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Hilbert ◽  
Tristan T. Nakagawa ◽  
Patricia Puci ◽  
Alexandra Zech ◽  
Markus Bühner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Presentation Modality ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Complex Span ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Complex Span Task

Abstract. The “digit span backwards” (DSB) is the most commonly used test in clinical neuropsychology to assess working memory capacity. Yet, it remains unclear how the task is solved cognitively. The present study was conducted to examine the use of visual and verbal cognitive strategies in the DSB. Further, the relationship between the DSB and a complex span task, based on the Simultaneous Storage and Processing task ( Oberauer et al., 2003 ), was investigated. Visualizers performed better than verbalizers in the dual task condition (rPB = .23) only when the relevant digits were presented optically. Performance in the DSB correlated only weakly with the complex span task in all conditions (all τ ≤ .21). The results indicate that the processing modality is determined by the preference for a cognitive strategy rather than the presentation modality and suggest that the DSB measures different working aspects than commonly used experimental working memory tasks.

scholarly journals Localization of the central executive system in working memory by fMRI: Utilization of the digit-span task

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Satoshi Maesawa ◽  
Miyako Futamura ◽  
Masazumi Fujii ◽  
Yasuyuki Matsui ◽  
Toshihiko Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Executive System

Effect of Working Memory Updating Training on Retrieving Symptoms of Children With Learning Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Chen ◽  
Maolin Ye ◽  
Lei Chang ◽  
Weigang Chen ◽  
Renlai Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Math Scores ◽  
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices ◽  
Back Task

Working memory (WM) deficiency is a primary reason for the poor academic performance of children with learning disabilities (LDs). Studies have shown that the WM of typical children could be improved through training, and WM training contributes to improving their fluid intelligence and academic achievement. However, few studies have investigated WM training for children with LDs, and results have been inconsistent. The present study examined the long-term effects of WM updating training and whether it can mitigate LD symptoms. Fifty-four children with LDs were recruited and divided randomly into a training or control group. The training group underwent adaptive running WM training for 20 days. Before and after training, the 2 groups completed a 2-back task, a digit span task (forward and backward), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test, and a scholastic attainment test (Chinese and math). The tests were repeated 6 months later. The results showed that, as compared with the controls, the training group exhibited significant improvements in the digit backward span task, 2-back task, and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. The math scores of the training group improved significantly by 6 months after the training. The results of this study suggest that WM updating training could mitigate the cognitive deficits of LDs and improve the WM capacity, fluid intelligence, and math scores of children with LDs. Moreover, the training effects could be maintained for at least 6 months.

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