B-08 Cerebral Blood Flow Differences at Baseline Between Cortical Regions in Tic Disorders Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-952
Author(s):  
B McDonald ◽  
A Lopez ◽  
D Lopez-Palacios ◽  
C Golden ◽  
D Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To identify CBF differences between individuals with Tic Disorder and healthy controls. Methods The data for this study was acquired from a de-identified archival Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) database. The sample included a healthy control group (n = 83,age M = 42.02,54.22% female) and a second group included individuals diagnosed with Tic Disorder (n = 177,age M = 33.54,83.05% male). Significant differences were found for gender [χ(2) = 41.16,p < .001] between groups. As a result, ANCOVAs were conducted to measure CBF differences across the brain using SPECT scans between the two groups while controlling for gender. Results Results showed significant differences between the two groups and perfusion in 4 brain regions. Hypo-perfusion in the Tic Disorder group was observed in the right basal ganglia [F(1,260) = 30.959,p < .001] and left [F(1,260) = 32.16,p < .001]. Hyper-perfusion was found in the right cerebellum [F(1,260) = 16.63,p < .001], and left [F(1,260) = 22.17,p < .001] in the same group. Conclusion Results indicate that individuals with tic disorders have diminished CBF than healthy controls in both sides of the basal ganglia. This contrasts previous studies, which have shown that individuals with tic disorders have more CBF in the basal ganglia. Further research is needed to understand this inconsistency; a possible explanation is that there is an inhibiting effect on the basal ganglia. Increased CBF in both sides of the cerebellum supports previous research as this cortical area has been shown to have connections with the basal ganglia, activating the pathway that trigger the motor tics. Tic disorders are usually associated with other comorbidities therefore the sample may have other diagnoses that affect blood flow. Future research should control for potential comorbidities.

A-67 Measuring Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1109
Author(s):  
Sophia G Perez ◽  
Bailey McDonald ◽  
Samantha Spagna ◽  
Charles J Golden ◽  
Kristen Willeumier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. Mehtods: Healthy controls (n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female, 42.0% Caucasian) and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with OCD (n = 1020, Mage = 34.8, 33.6% female, 66.3% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(1099) = −4.4], gender [χ2(2) = 25.7], and race [χ2(12) = 30.1] between groups and therefore were controlled for. Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,1096) = 21.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3], limbic system [left:F(1,1096) = 12.2; right:F(1,1096) = 10.4], and basal ganglia [left:F(1,1096) = 18.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3]. Results Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum for the OCD group. Lower perfusion was found in the limbic system and basal ganglia in the OCD group. This study found higher perfusion in the cerebellum among the OCD group. Previous research found increased rCBF in the left cerebellum in OCD before pharmacotherapy. In the right cerebellum, increased rCBF was found among participants with early-onset OCD. Conclusion Overall, there is limited research on the cerebellum because of its use as a reference point. No research was found regarding the limbic system in OCD using SPECT; however, other neuroimaging found increased amygdala reactivity to emotional face stimuli. This study found lower perfusion in the basal ganglia among the OCD group. Previous research found hypoperfusion in the right; however, hypoperfusion in the left was not significant. Updated OCD and rCBF research with SPECT are needed. Limitations included the inclusion of comorbidities and use of DSM-IV-TR rather than DSM-5 diagnosis criteria.

scholarly journals Jugular venous reflux on magnetic resonance angiography and radionuclide venography

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 205846011668120
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Fushimi ◽  
Tomohisa Okada ◽  
Sachi Okuchi ◽  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
Mitsunori Kanagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
The Right ◽  
Jugular Venous Reflux

Background The relationship between the signal from retrograde venous flow on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and retrograde upward flow from the left brachiocephalic vein has not been explored. Purpose To reveal the frequency of jugular venous reflux using MRA and nuclear venography in patients being evaluated for cerebral volume and blood flow. Material and Methods A total of 229 patients with cognitive disturbance who had undergone brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on the same day to evaluate cerebral blood flow were evaluated. Jugular venous reflux was measured on MRA and nuclear venography, which was conducted just after injection of N-isopropyl-123I-p-iodoamphetamine for the SPECT study. Results MRA showed jugular reflux in seven patients on the right side, and in 22 on the left. Nuclear venography showed jugular reflux in six patients on the right side, and in 20 on the left. Conclusion Jugular venous reflux was observed mostly on the left side. Retrograde flow was observed on both MRA and nuclear venography in half of the cases, with the rest only on one of the modalities.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical Blood Flow in the Temporal Lobe in the Charles Bonnet Syndrome: Serial Neuroimaging Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Adachi ◽  
M. Nagayama ◽  
K. Anami ◽  
K. Arima ◽  
H. Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Clinical features and results of neuroimagings of an 86 year old woman with the Charles Bonnet syndrome are reported. She had become completely blind bilaterally due to cataracts and glaucoma. Shortly after an operation for cataracts, she developed visual hallucinations which lasted for 22 years. She had no deterioration of intelligence. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed moderate generalized atrophy, particularly of the temporal lobes. A serial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study during visual hallucinations demonstrated hyperperfusion in the left temporal region and the basal ganglia and hypoperfusion in the right temporal region. These findings suggest that asymmetrical blood flow, particularly in the temporal regions, may be correlated with visual hallucination in the Charles Bonnet syndrome.

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities in Neurosyphilis: A Pilot SPECT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooyeon J. Im ◽  
Hyeonseok Jeong ◽  
Young Do Kim ◽  
Kyung-Sool Jang ◽  
In-Uk Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

Objective: Clinical and radiological findings on neurosyphilis are fairly non-specific and there is a paucity of functional neuroimaging studies on neurosyphilis other than case reports and case series. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain perfusion abnormalities in patients with neurosyphilis.Methods: Four HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients and 4 healthy controls underwent clinical evaluation, brain technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and neuropsychological assessments which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Clinical Dementia Rating—Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Voxel-wise differences in regional cerebral blood flow were compared between the two groups.Results: Neuropsychological test results indicated cognitive impairment in all patients. SPECT analysis revealed multifocal hypoperfusion predominantly in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions in neurosyphilis patients compared with healthy controls (family-wise error corrected p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Together with previous findings, our results suggest that the hypoperfusion in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions may reflect cognitive impairments observed in neurosyphilis patients. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals B-35 Differences in Blood Flow Perfusion at Baseline in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-981
Author(s):  
M Gilmore ◽  
K Horne ◽  
A Datoc ◽  
E Ailes ◽  
C Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Flow Perfusion ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract Objective To examine differences in blood flow perfusion, measured by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), at baseline between individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder and healthy controls. Method The participants were part of an archival de-identified SPECT database. The sample (N = 160) had a Mage = 38.85, was primarily male (53.1%) and Caucasian (55%). The sample consisted of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder using DSM-IV criteria (n = 80, Mage = 36.06, SD = 15.453, 61.3% male) and no DSM-IV diagnosis (n = 80, Mage = 41.64, SD = 16.473, 45% male). Results One-way ANOVAs showed hypoperfusion in the following areas: left (F[1,158] = 19.100,p < .001) and right Limbic region (F[1,158] = 16.938,p < .001) and left (F[1,158] = 41.959,p < .001) and right Basal Ganglia region (F[1,158] = 35.768,p < .001 and hyperperfusion in the following areas: left (F[1,158] = 20.639,p < .001) and right (F[1,158] = 15.645,p < .001) Cerebellum region. Conclusion Results of this study do not support previous research which has consistently found hypoperfusion in the temporal and parietal lobes across depressive and manic episodes. Furthermore, hypoperfusion of the right Limbic region is generally seen in those experiencing a depressive episode, while hyperperfusion of the left is seen during a manic episode. It is possible that participants of this study were not experiencing a depressive or manic episode at baseline. Results may be suggestive of euthymia which is distinguishable from healthy controls. It is also possible that these results are indicative of rCBF when a manic or depressive episode ends and transition into a euthymic state begins. Overall, little is known about rCBF in euthymia and this study is limited by unknown diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder I or II.

Central noradrenergic responsiveness to a clonidine challenge in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: a Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Kalk ◽  
J Melichar ◽  
RB Holmes ◽  
LG Taylor ◽  
MRC Daglish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) may involve hypo-responsiveness of noradrenaline a2 receptors. To test this hypothesis, we used 99mTc-hexa-methyl-propylene-amine-oxime (HMPAO) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography to measure regional cerebral perfusion in patients with untreated GAD, venlafaxine-treated patients and healthy controls during word generation before and after clonidine. Concurrent psychological and physiological measures supported noradrenergic hypofunction in GAD in some cases. A single-day split-dose technique was used. Images were processed using SPM5 (Institute of Neurology). Factorial analysis revealed no significant results. Exploratory analyses were done. Regional perfusion during verbal fluency differed by group pre-clonidine. Compared with healthy controls, patients with untreated GAD displayed increased perfusion in the left Broca’s area and left occipitotemporal region. Treated GAD patients displayed increased cerebellar perfusion bilaterally. Clonidine was associated with different changes in cerebral perfusion in each group. Increases were seen in the right supra-marginal gyrus in healthy subjects, in the left pre-central gyrus in treated GAD patients and in the right cerebellum and middle frontal gyrus in untreated GAD patients. Despite these differences, the findings were not consistent with a noradrenergic hypo-responsiveness hypothesis, as the treated group showed a different pattern of response rather than a normalization of response.

scholarly journals M164. RESTING-STATE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOMOTOR SLOWING

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S198-S199
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lefebvre ◽  
Niluja Nadesalingam ◽  
Danai Alexaki ◽  
Florian Wüthrich ◽  
Andrea Federspiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychomotor Slowing ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cluster Level

Abstract Background Schizophrenia patients who are suffering from psychomotor slowing (PS) present reduced levels of spontaneous motor activity, as well as slowing of gait and of fine motor dexterity. These motor abnormalities predict poor clinical outcomes for the patients. Recently, MRI studies have shown both aberrant functional and structural connectivity in schizophrenia patients with PS especially in the basal ganglia and the motor/premotor cortex. Arterial spin labeling imaging (ASL) perfusion MRI allows for quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used this approach to assess the difference in resting-state CBF between schizophrenia patients with psychomotor slowing and healthy controls as well as the relationships between CBF and motor symptoms in patients. In the current study, we included patients with moderate to severe PS. We hypothesized the intensity of the motor impairment in the patients would be linked to an abnormal increase of the CBF in several areas of the motor system, including basal ganglia, parietal cortex, and motor/premotor cortex. Methods 30 participants (13 healthy controls and 17 schizophrenia patients with PS) took part in an MRI session during which we acquired ASL perfusion MRI. We also evaluated psychomotor slowing in patients using 3 distinct measures (a self-report of motor activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), an observer rating using the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale (SRRS), and an objective measure of the global level of activity using wrist actigraphy). First, we assessed differences between groups in quantitative resting CBF. Then, in patients, we explored the association between the 3 different motor disorder measures and the whole-brain resting CBF. Results A group comparison showed significantly increased CBF in the right inferior temporal gyrus in patients compared to healthy controls (two samples t-test: t=3.44, p&lt;0.001 (uncorrected), cluster-level correction (kE=75): p(FWE-corr)=0.028, q(FDR-corr)=0.005). Increased severity of psychomotor slowing as measured by SRRS was associated with higher CBF in a widespread network (Multiple regression Z&gt;4, p&lt;0.001 (uncorrected), cluster-level correction (kE=75) p(FWE-corr)&lt;0.001, q(FDR-corr)&lt;0.001)) including the basal ganglia (i.e. striatum and putamen), the right lateral premotor cortex, bilateral Insulas, anterior cingulate cortices, inferior temporal gyri, parietal cortices, and the right parahippocampus. Both IPAQ and actigraphy failed to correlate with the resting CBF. Discussion These findings suggest that schizophrenia patients with PS presented an alteration of the resting cerebral blood flow compared to healthy controls. Moreover, in line with our hypothesis, the severity of the psychomotor slowing seems to be associated with increased blood flow in schizophrenia patients in a large network including basal ganglia, parietal cortex, and lateral premotor cortex. Finally among the 3 distinct measures used in the current study, only the SRRS seems to be associated with an abnormal increase of the cerebral blood flow. These findings confirm that psychomotor slowing is associated with an alteration of the cerebral blood flow in the motor/premotor network. We expect refined results as we include more subjects in the running study.

Heterogeneity of Cerebral Blood Flow: a Fractal Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hartikainen ◽  
J. T. Kuikka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fractal Approach

Summary Aim: We demonstrate the heterogeneity of regional cerebral blood flow using a fractal approach and singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT). Method: Tc-99m-labelled ethylcysteine dimer was injected intravenously in 10 healthy controls and in 10 patients with dementia of frontal lobe type. The head was imaged with a gamma camera and transaxial, sagittal and coronal slices were reconstructed. Two hundred fifty-six symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn onto each hemisphere of functioning brain matter. Fractal analysis was used to examine the spatial heterogeneity of blood flow as a function of the number of ROIs. Results: Relative dispersion (= coefficient of variation of the regional flows) was fractal-like in healthy subjects and could be characterized by a fractal dimension of 1.17 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD) for the left hemisphere and 1.15 ± 0.04 for the right hemisphere, respectively. The fractal dimension of 1.0 reflects completely homogeneous blood flow and 1.5 indicates a random blood flow distribution. Patients with dementia of frontal lobe type had a significantly lower fractal dimension of 1.04 ± 0.03 than in healthy controls. Conclusion: Within the limits of spatial resolution of SPECT, the heterogeneity of brain blood flow is well characterized by a fractal dimension. Fractal analysis may help brain scientists to assess age-, sex- and laterality-related anatomic and physiological changes of brain blood flow and possibly to improve precision of diagnostic information available for patient care.

scholarly journals Shifting of global aphasia to Wernicke’s aphasia in a patient with intact motor function: a case report

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Chi Chuang ◽  
Chuan-Ching Liu ◽  
I-Ching Yu ◽  
Yu-Lin Tsai ◽  
Shin-Tsu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Global aphasia without hemiparesis (GAWH) is a rare stroke syndrome characterized by the dissociation of motor and language functions. Here, we present a case of GAWH with the patient later regaining speech fluency. Case presentation A 73-year-old man was admitted to our emergency department immediately after an episode of syncope. On arrival, we noted his global aphasia but without any focal neurologic signs. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion scans showed a large hypodense region over his left perisylvian area. Under the impression of acute ischaemic stroke, he received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) injection and was treated as an inpatient. The patient was later discharged with GAWH status and received regular speech rehabilitation. After 14 months of rehabilitation, the patient gradually recovered his language expression ability. The degree of aphasia was evaluated with the Concise Chinese Aphasia Test (CCAT), and we obtained brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans to assess cerebral blood flow. Conclusion A patient with severe impairments of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas was able to talk fluently despite being unintelligible. SPECT revealed relative high level of radioactivity uptake in the right frontal lobe, suggesting the deficits in speech fluency could have been compensated by the right hemisphere. Although this is a single case demonstration, the results may strengthen the role of the right hemisphere in GAWH patients and suggests additional study that examines the possible benefits of stimulating activity at right homologous regions for recovering language function after global aphasia.

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