Short lifetime structures appearing in RNA and DNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Koichi Nishigaki
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transient Structures ◽  
And Function ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Abstract The structure and function of unstable single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) have not been widely examined. While numerous studies have investigated DNA as an information molecule, the different potentials of DNA, particularly those of ssDNA, remain unclear. For polypeptides, the significance of denatured structures has been established in the past two decades. Polynucleotides have chemically distinct properties from polypeptides, but their behaviours have not been thoroughly studied. In this review, three different phenomena related to unstable ssDNA are discussed: i) ssDNA cleavage of restriction enzymes; ii) single-stranded conformation polymorphism, which can be theoretically explained by single-stranded conformation dynamics; and iii) random PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). These features can be utilized for scientific or technical applications. Previous studies showed that the phenomena exhibited by ssDNA were correctly understood only when unstable and transient structures were taken into account. Transient structures of ssDNA may have undiscovered functions governed by very rapid processes and/or multi-diversity states because of their intrinsic natures.

Novel ABCD1 gene mutations in Iranian pedigrees with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215
Author(s):  
Babak Emamalizadeh ◽  
Yousef Daneshmandpour ◽  
Abbas Tafakhori ◽  
Sakineh Ranji-Burachaloo ◽  
Sajad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Abcd1 Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most common peroxisomal disorder, is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene located on Xq28. X-ALD is characterized by a spectrum of different manifestations varying in patients and families. Methods Four pedigrees with X-ALD consisting of patients and healthy members were selected for investigation of ABCD1 gene mutations. The mutation analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of all exons. The identified mutations were investigated using bioinformatics tools to predict their effects on the protein product and also to compare the mutated sequence with close species. Results One previously known missense mutation (c.1978 C > T) and three novel mutations (c.1797dupT, c.879delC, c.1218 C > G) were identified in the ABCD1 gene, each in one family. Predicting the effects of the mutations on protein structure and function indicated the probable damaging effect for them with significant alterations in the protein structure. We found three novel mutations in the ABCD1 gene with damaging effects on its protein product and responsible for X-ALD.

The relationship between mitochondrial ND5 gene polymorphisms and in vitro embryo production in Sanjabi sheep

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Teymouri ◽  
Saheb Foroutanifar ◽  
Alireza Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Hadi Hajarian
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Nd5 Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
In Vitro Embryo Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial ND5 gene polymorphisms and their relationship with in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) of Sanjabi sheep. Blood and ovarian samples of adult ewes were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. For each ovarian sample, cumulus–oocyte complexes larger than 3 mm in diameter were aspirated from follicles, and their IVM and IVC rates were recorded. A 666-bp fragment of the ND5 gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction. The samples were genotyped using a modified single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method, and an association study was conducted with IVM and IVC rates. Six different SSCP patterns, designated A, B, C, D, E and F with respective frequencies of 8, 47, 4, 4, 32 and 5%, respectively, were observed. According to the results of association analysis, there was no significant association between the ND1 gene polymorphisms and the IVM and IVC rates (P > 0.05).

Use of a single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to perform a simple genotyping of bovine κ-casein A and B variants

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGEL BARROSO ◽  
SUSANA DUNNER ◽  
JAVIER CAÑON
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

We propose an alternative method for casein genotyping, generally carried out using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Application of the single-strand conformation polymorphism technique detects nucleotide changes in the fragment amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction and thus avoids the use of restriction enzymes. A 453 bp fragment from exon IV of κ-casein has been amplified. The two variants (A and B), found with the highest frequencies in most bovine breeds and included in some dairy cattle selection schemes, can be discriminated using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of heat denatured fragments in acrylamide–bis-acrylamide (100[ratio ]1) gels followed by silver staining. κ-Casein genotyping is therefore simplified, although variants A and E on the one hand, and B and C on the other, are not distinguishable with this technique.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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