Near-regular distribution of adult crimson tansy aphids,Uroleucon tanaceti(L.), increases aposematic signal honesty on different tansy plant chemotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Benedek ◽  
Gyöngyvér Mara ◽  
Mohsen Mehrparvar ◽  
János Bálint ◽  
Hugh D Loxdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regular Distribution ◽  
Signal Honesty

A review and assessment of the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis for the maintenance of signal honesty in red ketocarotenoid-based coloration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Powers ◽  
Geoffrey E Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Color Displays ◽  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Individual Condition

Abstract For decades, scientists have noted connections between individual condition and carotenoid-based coloration in terrestrial and aquatic animals. Organisms that produce more vibrant carotenoid-based coloration tend to have better physiological performance and behavioral displays compared to less colorful members of the same species. Traditional explanations for this association between ornamental coloration and performance invoked the need for color displays to be costly, but evidence for such hypothesized costs is equivocal. An alternative explanation for the condition-dependence of carotenoid-based coloration, the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis, was developed in response. This hypothesis proposes that red ketocarotenoid-based coloration is tied to core cellular processes involving a shared pathway with mitochondrial energy metabolism, making the concentration of carotenoids an index of mitochondrial function. Since the presentation of this hypothesis, empirical tests of the mechanisms proposed therein have been conducted in many species. In this manuscript, we review the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis and the growing number of studies that have investigated a connection between carotenoid-based coloration and mitochondrial function. We also discuss future strategies for assessing the Shared-Pathway Hypothesis to more effectively disentangle evidence that may simultaneously support evidence of carotenoid-resource tradeoffs.

scholarly journals What maintains signal honesty in animal colour displays used in mate choice?

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1724) ◽  
pp. 20160343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Weaver ◽  
Rebecca E. Koch ◽  
Geoffrey E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Honest Signalling ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Physiological Pathways ◽  
Index Hypothesis ◽  
Male Ornaments ◽  
Colour Signals

Many of the colour displays of animals are proposed to have evolved in response to female mate choice for honest signals of quality, but such honest signalling requires mechanisms to prevent cheating. The most widely accepted and cited mechanisms for ensuring signal honesty are based on the costly signalling hypothesis, which posits that costs associated with ornamentation prevent low-quality males from being highly ornamented. Alternatively, by the index hypothesis, honesty can be achieved via cost-free mechanisms if ornament production is causally linked to core physiological pathways. In this essay, we review how a costly signalling framework has shaped empirical research in mate choice for colourful male ornaments and emphasize that alternative interpretations are plausible under an index signalling framework. We discuss the challenges in both empirically testing and distinguishing between the two hypotheses, noting that they need not be mutually exclusive. Finally, we advocate for a comprehensive approach to studies of colour signals that includes the explicit consideration of cost-free mechanisms for honesty. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.

scholarly journals Signal honesty and cost of pollinator rewards in Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Pélabon ◽  
Patrick Thöne ◽  
Thomas F. Hansen ◽  
W. Scott Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Pollinator Rewards

732. Lactobacilli in Cheddar cheese: II. Duplicate cheeses

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Naylor ◽  
M. Elisabeth Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Regular Distribution

The lactobacillus flora of two pairs of duplicate cheeses, each pair being made under the same conditions and from the same milk, was examined during ripening. A different distribution of serological types of lactobacilli was found not only within a pair of cheeses but in the top and bottom of the same cheese. A third pair of cheeses, to one of which a known Lactobacillus had been added, was found to have a more regular distribution of lactobacilli owing to greater numbers being present in the cheese milk.

Do contact languages influence the distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384
Author(s):  
Mirjam Ruutma
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Regular Distribution ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
New Findings

AbstractThe origins of prepositional phrase structure in Finnic languages shows little evidence of being contact-induced. However, whether language contact has influenced the structure at a later stage is debatable. The current paper provides new findings on the topic of contact-induced change by comparing the distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects with the respective contact languages. The purpose is to determine whether the usage frequency of prepositions is higher in areas mainly in contact with prepositional Indo-European languages. The topic is approached from a corpus-based, frequency-driven viewpoint. The results show a small, gradual decrease in the use of prepositions from the northeastern to the western dialect areas. Thus, the uneven but regular distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects cannot be explained with language contact. This evidence supports the general understanding that adpositions are an unlikely class to be influenced by contact.

scholarly journals Quantitative modeling of regular retinal microglia distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Endo ◽  
Daisuke Asanuma ◽  
Shigeyuki Namiki ◽  
Kenzo Hirose ◽  
Akiyoshi Uemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regular Distribution ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Processing Techniques

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), showing a regular distribution. Advancing microscopy and image processing techniques have contributed to elucidating microglia’s morphology, dynamics, and distribution. However, the mechanism underlying the regular distribution of microglia remains to be elucidated. First, we quantitatively confirmed the regularity of the distribution pattern of microglial soma. Second, we formulated a mathematical model that includes factors that may influence regular distribution. Next, we experimentally quantified the model parameters (cell movement, process formation, and ATP dynamics). The resulting model simulation from the measured parameters showed that direct cell-cell contact is most important in generating regular cell spacing. Finally, we tried to specify the molecular pathway responsible for the repulsion between neighboring microglia.

scholarly journals Order of Dirichlet series with regular distribution of exponents in half-strips

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Ahtyar Magazovich Gaisin ◽  
Galiya Akhtyarovna Gaisina
Keyword(s):  
Dirichlet Series ◽  
Regular Distribution

scholarly journals Regular Distribution Inhibits Generic Numerosity Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yajun Zhao ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Zhijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regular Distribution
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