Pattern Recognition Receptor-initiated Innate Immune Responses in mouse Prostatic Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqin Yu ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Recognition Receptor

Abstract Three major pathogenic states of the prostate, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis, are related to the local inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of prostate inflammation remain largely unknown. Given that the innate immune responses of the tissue-specific cells to microbial infection or auto-antigens contribute to local inflammation, this study focused on pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated innate immune responses in mouse prostatic epithelial cells (PECs). Primary mouse PECs abundantly expressed Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR4, TLR5, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and p204. These PRRs can be activated by their respective ligands: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin of Gram-negative bacteria for TLR4 and TLR5, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) for TLR3 and MDA5, and herpes simplex virus DNA analog (HSV60) for p204. LPS and flagellin predominantly induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFA, IL6, MCP1, and CXCL10. Poly(I:C) and HSV60 predominantly induced the expression of type 1 interferons (IFNA and IFNB) and antiviral proteins: Mx GTPase 1, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, and IFN-stimulated gene 15. The replication of mumps virus in PECs was inhibited by type 1 IFN signaling. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying innate immune response in the prostate.

Pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune responses in seminal vesicle epithelial cell and their impacts on cellular function†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolei Gong ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Recognition Receptor

Abstract The seminal vesicles can be infected by microorganisms, thereby resulting in vesiculitis and impairment in male fertility. Innate immune responses in seminal vesicles cells to microbial infections, which facilitate vesiculitis, have yet to be investigated. The present study aims to elucidate pattern recognition receptor–mediated innate immune responses in seminal vesicles epithelial cells. Various pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptor 3, Toll-like receptor 4, cytosolic ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid sensors, are abundantly expressed in seminal vesicles epithelial cells. These pattern recognition receptors can recognize their respective ligands, thus activating nuclear factor kappa B and interferon regulatory factor 3. The pattern recognition receptor signaling induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) and interleukin 6 (Il6), chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp1) and C–X–C motif chemokine 10 (Cxcl10), and type 1 interferons Ifna and Ifnb. Moreover, pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune responses up-regulated the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, but they down-regulated semenogelin-1 expression. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying vesiculitis and its impact on the functions of the seminal vesicles.

scholarly journals Sisters in arms: myeloid and tubular epithelial cells shape renal innate immunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (10) ◽  
pp. F1243-F1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hato ◽  
Tarek M. El-Achkar ◽  
Pierre C. Dagher
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Defensive Responses

The importance of innate immunity for survival is underscored by its presence at almost every level of the evolutionary tree of life. The task of “danger” recognition by the innate immune system is carried out by a broad class of pattern recognition receptors. These receptors are expressed in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells such as renal epithelial cells. Upon activation, pattern recognition receptors induce essentially two types of defensive responses: inflammation and phagocytosis. In this review, we highlight evidence that renal epithelial cells are endowed with such defensive capabilities and as such fully participate in renal innate immune responses.

Innate immune responses and type 1 diabetes: A role for a long non-coding RNA?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Ashton ◽  
I Tan ◽  
L Mackin ◽  
C Elso ◽  
E Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

scholarly journals Peptidomimetic 1-Benzyl-5-methyl-4-(n-octylamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one Showed Cardioprotection Effect in a Myocardial Ischemia (MI) Mouse Model

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Lena Trifonov ◽  
Vadim Nudelman ◽  
Michael Zhenin ◽  
Guy Cohen ◽  
Krzysztof Jozwiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Recognition Receptor

TLR4, a member of the toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, serves as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune response to different microbial pathogens. [...]

scholarly journals SlPRA1A/RAB attenuate EIX immune responses via degradation of LeEIX2 pattern recognition receptor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e1467689 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pizarro ◽  
M. Leibman-Markus ◽  
S. Schuster ◽  
M. Bar ◽  
A. Avni
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptor ◽  
Recognition Receptor

scholarly journals An In Vitro Assessment of Immunostimulatory Responses to Ten Model Innate Immune Response Modulating Impurities (IIRMIs) and Peptide Drug Product, Teriparatide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7461
Author(s):  
Claire K. Holley ◽  
Edward Cedrone ◽  
Duncan Donohue ◽  
Barry W. Neun ◽  
Daniela Verthelyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Vitro Assay

Understanding, predicting, and minimizing the immunogenicity of peptide-based therapeutics are of paramount importance for ensuring the safety and efficacy of these products. The so-called anti-drug antibodies (ADA) may have various clinical consequences, including but not limited to the alteration in the product’s distribution, biological activity, and clearance profiles. The immunogenicity of biotherapeutics can be influenced by immunostimulation triggered by the presence of innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMIs) inadvertently introduced during the manufacturing process. Herein, we evaluate the applicability of several in vitro assays (i.e., complement activation, leukocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion) for the screening of innate immune responses induced by ten common IIRMIs (Bacillus subtilis flagellin, FSL-1, zymosan, ODN2006, poly(I:C) HMW, poly(I:C) LMW, CLO75, MDP, ODN2216, and Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS), and a model biotherapeutic Forteo™ (teriparatide). Our study identifies cytokine secretion from healthy human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as a sensitive method for the in vitro monitoring of innate immune responses to individual IIRMIs and teriparatide (TP). We identify signature cytokines, evaluate both broad and narrow multiplex cytokine panels, and discuss how the assay logistics influence the performance of this in vitro assay.

scholarly journals Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cells Elicits Specific Innate Immune Responses and Immune Evasion Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Verzosa ◽  
Lea A. McGeever ◽  
Shun-Je Bhark ◽  
Tracie Delgado ◽  
Nicole Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Hsv 1

Alphaherpesviruses (α-HV) are a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses which cause many human and animal diseases. There are three human α-HVs: Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). All α-HV have evolved multiple strategies to suppress or exploit host cell innate immune signaling pathways to aid in their infections. All α-HVs initially infect epithelial cells (primary site of infection), and later spread to infect innervating sensory neurons. As with all herpesviruses, α-HVs have both a lytic (productive) and latent (dormant) stage of infection. During the lytic stage, the virus rapidly replicates in epithelial cells before it is cleared by the immune system. In contrast, latent infection in host neurons is a life-long infection. Upon infection of mucosal epithelial cells, herpesviruses immediately employ a variety of cellular mechanisms to evade host detection during active replication. Next, infectious viral progeny bud from infected cells and fuse to neuronal axonal terminals. Here, the nucleocapsid is transported via sensory neuron axons to the ganglion cell body, where latency is established until viral reactivation. This review will primarily focus on how HSV-1 induces various innate immune responses, including host cell recognition of viral constituents by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), induction of IFN-mediated immune responses involving toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, and cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING). This review focuses on these pathways along with other mechanisms including autophagy and the complement system. We will summarize and discuss recent evidence which has revealed how HSV-1 is able to manipulate and evade host antiviral innate immune responses both in neuronal (sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia) and non-neuronal (epithelial) cells. Understanding the innate immune response mechanisms triggered by HSV-1 infection, and the mechanisms of innate immune evasion, will impact the development of future therapeutic treatments.

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