scholarly journals Horizontal or vertical optokinetic stimulation activates visual motion- sensitive, ocular motor and vestibular cortex areas with right hemispheric dominance. An fMRI study

Brain ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dieterich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Vestibular Cortex ◽  
Fmri Study

Neural Responses to Human Voice and Hemisphere Dominance for Lexical-semantic Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahashi ◽  
N. Yahata ◽  
M. Matsuura ◽  
K. Asai ◽  
Y. Okubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Cortices

Summary Objectives : In our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we determined that there was distinct left hemispheric dominance for lexical- semantic processing without the influence of human voice perception in right-handed healthy subjects. However, the degree of right-handedness in the right-handed subjects ranged from 52 to 100 according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) score. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the correlation between the degree of right-handedness and language dominance in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortices by examining cerebral activation for lexical-semantic processing. Methods : Twenty-seven normal right-handed healthy subjects were scanned by fMRI while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND). Fronto-temporo-parietal activation was observed in the left hemisphere under the SEN - rSEN contrast, which included lexical- semantic processing without the influence of human voice perception. Laterality Indexwas calculated as LI = (L - R)/(L + R) X 100, L: left, R: right. Results : Laterality Index in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortices did not correlate with the degree of right-handedness in EHI score. Conclusions : The present study indicated that the degree of right-handedness from 52 to 100 in EHI score had no effect on the degree of left hemispheric dominance for lexical-semantic processing in right-handed healthy subjects.

Left hemispheric dominance for „motor permanence“: An fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. S121
Author(s):  
G. Buccino ◽  
F. Binkofski ◽  
S. Posse ◽  
K.M. Stephan ◽  
H.-J. Freund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Incremental Validity of Components of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening for Concussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-769
Author(s):  
N Sandel Sherry ◽  
N Ernst ◽  
J Doman ◽  
C Holland ◽  
H Bitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
Total Score Range

Abstract Purpose The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool for concussion evaluates symptom provocation (in a fixed order) across the following neuromotor tasks: smooth pursuits (SP), saccades-horizontal (Sac-H), saccades-vertical (Sac-V), near point of convergence (NPC), vestibular-ocular reflex-horizontal (VOR-H), vestibular-ocular reflex-vertical (VOR-V), and visual motion sensitivity (VMS). The current study evaluates the incremental validity of each VOMS component in consecutive order. Methods Retrospective record review of 193 subjects (49% male) aged 10–22 years old diagnosed with concussion (sport and non-sport injuries) and demonstrated an abnormal VOMS (defined by symptom provocation >2 or NPC >5cm) at initial evaluation in a specialty concussion clinic. Hierarchical regression was performed with VOMS total score (range: 0-320) as the dependent variable and each VOMS component as predictors in seven consecutive steps. Results The model was significant (p<.001) at each step; the final model including all seven VOMS components in order (SP, Sac-H, Sac-V, NPC, VOR-H, VOR-V, and VMS) was significant, F(7,185)= 6.87, p<.001 and accounted for 20.6% of the variance in total VOMS score. The only significant predictors in the final model included: SP (p=.01), NPC (p=.04), and VOR-H (p=.04). Conclusion Provocation of symptoms on SP, NPC, and VOR-H are the best predictors of total VOMS score. NPC and VOR-H symptom provocation provide unique value to vestibular screening beyond symptom provocation on SP and after completion of all other VOMS components. This information may be clinically useful when vestibular screening must be expedited (e.g., highly symptomatic patient, sideline assessment).

Optokinetic stimulation and the egocentred midsagittal plane: an fMRI study

Neuroreport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Boileau ◽  
Mario Beauregard ◽  
Anne Beuter ◽  
Claude Breault ◽  
André Roch Lecours
Keyword(s):  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals The parieto-insular vestibular cortex in humans: more than a single area?

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 1438-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian M. Frank ◽  
Mark W. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Vestibular Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
And Function

Here, we review the structure and function of a core region in the vestibular cortex of humans that is located in the midposterior Sylvian fissure and referred to as the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). Previous studies have investigated PIVC by using vestibular or visual motion stimuli and have observed activations that were distributed across multiple anatomical structures, including the temporo-parietal junction, retroinsula, parietal operculum, and posterior insula. However, it has remained unclear whether all of these anatomical areas correspond to PIVC and whether PIVC responds to both vestibular and visual stimuli. Recent results suggest that the region that has been referred to as PIVC in previous studies consists of multiple areas with different anatomical correlates and different functional specializations. Specifically, a vestibular but not visual area is located in the parietal operculum, close to the posterior insula, and likely corresponds to the nonhuman primate PIVC, while a visual-vestibular area is located in the retroinsular cortex and is referred to, for historical reasons, as the posterior insular cortex area (PIC). In this article, we review the anatomy, connectivity, and function of PIVC and PIC and propose that the core of the human vestibular cortex consists of at least two separate areas, which we refer to together as PIVC+. We also review the organization in the nonhuman primate brain and show that there are parallels to the proposed organization in humans.

scholarly journals Right frontal eye field has perceptual and oculomotor functions during optokinetic stimulation and nystagmus

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Mastropasqua ◽  
James Dowsett ◽  
Marianne Dieterich ◽  
Paul C. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Motion Discrimination ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
The Right

The right frontal eye field (rFEF) is associated with visual perception and eye movements. rFEF is activated during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), a reflex that moves the eye in response to visual motion (optokinetic stimulation, OKS). It remains unclear whether rFEF plays causal perceptual and/or oculomotor roles during OKS and OKN. To test this, participants viewed a leftward-moving visual scene of vertical bars and judged whether a flashed dot was moving. Single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were applied to rFEF on half of trials. In half of blocks, to explore oculomotor control, participants performed an OKN in response to the OKS. rFEF TMS, during OKN, made participants more accurate on trials when the dot was still, and it slowed eye movements. In separate blocks, participants fixated during OKS. This not only controlled for eye movements but also allowed the use of EEG to explore the FEF’s role in visual motion discrimination. In these blocks, by contrast, leftward dot motion discrimination was impaired, associated with a disruption of the frontal-posterior balance in alpha-band oscillations. None of these effects occurred in a control site (M1) experiment. These results demonstrate multiple related yet dissociable causal roles of the right FEF during optokinetic stimulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates causal roles of the right frontal eye field (FEF) in motion discrimination and eye movement control during visual scene motion: previous work had only examined other stimuli and eye movements such as saccades. Using combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG and a novel optokinetic stimulation motion-discrimination task, we find evidence for multiple related yet dissociable causal roles within the FEF: perceptual processing during optokinetic stimulation, generation of the optokinetic nystagmus, and the maintenance of alpha oscillations.

scholarly journals Processing of Targets in Smooth or Apparent Motion Along the Vertical in the Human Brain: An fMRI Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Maffei ◽  
Emiliano Macaluso ◽  
Iole Indovina ◽  
Guy Orban ◽  
Francesco Lacquaniti
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Smooth Motion ◽  
The Right

Neural substrates for processing constant speed visual motion have been extensively studied. Less is known about the brain activity patterns when the target speed changes continuously, for instance under the influence of gravity. Using functional MRI (fMRI), here we compared brain responses to accelerating/decelerating targets with the responses to constant speed targets. The target could move along the vertical under gravity (1 g), under reversed gravity (−1 g), or at constant speed (0 g). In the first experiment, subjects observed targets moving in smooth motion and responded to a GO signal delivered at a random time after target arrival. As expected, we found that the timing of the motor responses did not depend significantly on the specific motion law. Therefore brain activity in the contrast between different motion laws was not related to motor timing responses. Average BOLD signals were significantly greater for 1 g targets than either 0 g or −1 g targets in a distributed network including bilateral insulae, left lingual gyrus, and brain stem. Moreover, in these regions, the mean activity decreased monotonically from 1 g to 0 g and to −1 g. In the second experiment, subjects intercepted 1 g, 0 g, and −1 g targets either in smooth motion (RM) or in long-range apparent motion (LAM). We found that the sites in the right insula and left lingual gyrus, which were selectively engaged by 1 g targets in the first experiment, were also significantly more active during 1 g trials than during −1 g trials both in RM and LAM. The activity in 0 g trials was again intermediate between that in 1 g trials and that in −1 g trials. Therefore in these regions the global activity modulation with the law of vertical motion appears to hold for both RM and LAM. Instead, a region in the inferior parietal lobule showed a preference for visual gravitational motion only in LAM but not RM.

Cortical Correlates of the Simulated Viewpoint Oscillation Advantage for Vection

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 739-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramy Kirollos ◽  
Robert S. Allison ◽  
Stephen Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Vestibular Apparatus ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Vestibular Cortex ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
The Brain

Behavioural studies have consistently found stronger vection responses for oscillating, compared to smooth/constant, patterns of radial flow (the simulated viewpoint oscillation advantage for vection). Traditional accounts predict that simulated viewpoint oscillation should impair vection by increasing visual–vestibular conflicts in stationary observers (as this visual oscillation simulates self-accelerations that should strongly stimulate the vestibular apparatus). However, support for increased vestibular activity during accelerating vection has been mixed in the brain imaging literature. This fMRI study examined BOLD activity in visual (cingulate sulcus visual area — CSv; medial temporal complex — MT+; V6; precuneus motion area — PcM) and vestibular regions (parieto-insular vestibular cortex — PIVC/posterior insular cortex — PIC; ventral intraparietal region — VIP) when stationary observers were exposed to vection-inducing optic flow (i.e., globally coherent oscillating and smooth self-motion displays) as well as two suitable control displays. In line with earlier studies in which no vection occurred, CSv and PIVC/PIC both showed significantly increased BOLD activity during oscillating global motion compared to the other motion conditions (although this effect was found for fewer subjects in PIVC/PIC). The increase in BOLD activity in PIVC/PIC during prolonged exposure to the oscillating (compared to smooth) patterns of global optical flow appears consistent with vestibular facilitation.

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