Comparison of Four Methods to Estimate the Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use Among U.S. Children

Abstract Objectives Little is known whether the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use among children varies by assessment method as it does among adults. We assessed the prevalence of use of different DS product types among U.S. children using four different combinations of assessment methods constructed from two instruments (i.e., frequency-based questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)). Methods DS use information is collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) via a 30-day frequency questionnaire in conjunction with an in-home inventory (Dietary Supplement and Prescription Medicine, DSMQ) and during up to two 24HR. NHANES 2013–2016 data were used to estimate the prevalence of use of any DS and selected types of DS products among 8369 children (≤18y) using four methods constructed from DSMQ and 24HR: 1) DSMQ; 2) 24HR day 1; 3) 24HR day 1 and day 2; and 4) DSMQ and ≥1 24HR. Results About one-third (34.4%) of children took at least one DS in the previous 30 days according to the DSMQ. This decreased to 21.0% when data from only the 24HR day 1 were used, increased to 26.2% when data from both the 24HR day 1 and day 2 were used, and increased further to 37.3% when data from the DSMQ and ≥1 24HR were combined. Similar patterns were found when stratified by age (<1y, 1–3y, 4–8y, 9–13y, and 14–18y). Prevalence of use of specific product types also differed by method of assessment, but the percentages of those using specific products among DS users were similar across methods. The most commonly consumed products were multivitamin-minerals (73.6% to 75.5%, depending on the method). Many of these products contained over 100% of the Daily Value for some vitamins and minerals. Conclusions Prevalence estimates of DS use differed by method among U.S. children, which may be related to the length of the reference period of assessment. Accurately capturing DS users is critical because nutrient intakes from DS can contribute substantially total nutrient intakes. Our findings suggest that using data from both DSMQ and 24HR captures more DS users compared to a single instrument alone. Funding Sources This work was supported through the National Institutes of Health.

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Diet and lifestyle characteristics associated with dietary supplement use in women

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980099000099 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 69-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Sara FL Kirk ◽

Janet E Cade ◽

Jennifer H Barrett ◽

Mark Conner

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Physically Active ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Lower Alcohol ◽

Dietary Supplement Use ◽

The Uk ◽

Diet And Lifestyle

AbstractObjectives:To describe the characteristics of dietary supplement users in a large cohort of women and test the hypothesis that supplement users would be more likely to have a healthier lifestyle than non-users.Design:Comparison of nutrient intakes from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for 8409 supplement users and 5413 non-users. Use of logistic regression modelling to determine predictors of supplement use in this cohort.Subjects:13,822 subjects from the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS) for whom data on supplement use was available.Results:Significant differences in nutrient intakes from FFQ were seen between the two groups, with supplement users having higher intakes of all nutrients, except for fat and vitamin B12. Use of dietary supplements was associated with being vegetarian, vegan or fish-eating, consuming more fruit and vegetables, being more physically active and having a lower alcohol intake. Supplement use was less likely in those with a body mass index above 25 and those who reported smoking regularly.Conclusions:The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that supplement use is associated with a healthier lifestyle profile and an adequate nutritional intake, suggesting that supplement users do not need to take supplements to meet a nutrient deficiency.

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Dietary Supplement Use among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (6) ◽

pp. 1499-1508

Author(s):

Mengxi Du ◽

Hanqi Luo ◽

Jeffrey B Blumberg ◽

Gail Rogers ◽

Fan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

The United States ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Adult Cancer Survivors ◽

Dietary Supplement Use

ABSTRACT Background Many cancer patients initiate dietary supplement use after cancer diagnosis. How dietary supplement use contributes to the total nutrient intake among cancer survivors as compared with individuals without cancer needs to be determined. Objectives We aimed to evaluate nutrient intakes from dietary supplements among cancer survivors in relation to their total nutrient intake and compare those with individuals without cancer. Methods We evaluated the prevalence, dose, and reason for using dietary supplements among 2772 adult cancer survivors and 31,310 individuals without cancer who participated in the NHANES 2003–2016. Results Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence of any (70.4% vs. 51.2%) and multivitamin/mineral (48.9% vs. 36.6%) supplement use and supplement use of 11 individual vitamins and 8 minerals than individuals without cancer. Overall, cancer survivors had significantly higher amounts of nutrient intake from supplements but lower nutrient intakes from foods for the majority of the nutrients. Compared with individuals without cancer, cancer survivors had a higher percentage of individuals with inadequate intake (total nutrient intake <Estimated Average Requirement or Adequate Intake) for folate, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, copper, and phosphorus, due to lower intakes of these nutrients from foods. Cancer survivors also had a higher proportion of individuals with excess intake (total nutrient intake ≥Tolerable Upper Intake Level) for vitamin D, vitamin B-6, niacin, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, contributed by higher intakes of these nutrients from dietary supplements. Nearly half (46.1%) used dietary supplements on their own without consulting health care providers. Conclusions Cancer survivors reported a higher prevalence and dose of dietary supplement use but lower amounts of nutrient intake from foods than individuals without cancer. The inadequate nutrient intake from foods and the short-term and long-term health impact of dietary supplement use, especially at high doses, need to be further evaluated among cancer survivors.

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Comparison of nutrient intakes from three self‐reported measures of dietary supplement use: results from the SURE Study

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.341.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Suzanne Murphy ◽

Lynne Wilkens ◽

Kristine Monroe ◽

Alana Steffen ◽

Cheryl Albright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Dietary Supplement Use

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Dietary Supplement Use Among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3373858 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mengxi Du ◽

Jeffrey B. Blumberg ◽

Zhilei Shan ◽

Gail Rogers ◽

Fan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

The United States ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Adult Cancer Survivors ◽

Dietary Supplement Use

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Dietary supplement use in elementary school children: a Japanese web-based survey

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00985-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kazue Ishitsuka ◽

Satoshi Sasaki ◽

Hidetoshi Mezawa ◽

Mizuho Konishi ◽

Maki Igarashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Web Based ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Health Related Behaviors ◽

Health Related ◽

Dietary Supplement Use ◽

Frequency Of Sports Participation

Abstract Background A variety of dietary supplements are commercially available. However, the efficacy and safety of dietary supplement use in children are not well established. Understanding dietary supplement use is important for developing public health policy regarding dietary supplements. This study aimed to investigate the types of dietary supplements used and characteristics of dietary supplement users among Japanese elementary school children. Method We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire study. Dietary supplement use, socio-demographics, and health-related behaviors were assessed through mother-reported questionnaire. Types of dietary supplements were identified based on ingredient using product barcodes and brand names. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the socio-demographics and health-related behaviors associated with supplement use. Results Among 4933 children, 333 (6.8%) were identified as dietary supplement users. The most common supplement was amino acids or protein (1.4%), followed by n–3 fatty acids or fish oil (1.0%), probiotics (1.0%), multivitamins (0.9%), multivitamin-minerals (0.8%), and botanicals (0.8%). Overall, any dietary supplement use was significantly associated with the highest frequency of sports participation (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–4.02), highest household income (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13–3.10), highest maternal educational level (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.31–2.52), and male sex (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09–1.75). The highest frequency of sports participation was significantly associated with higher odds of use of amino acids or protein (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.78–20.6) and multivitamins (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.11–11.5), compared to the lowest frequency of sports participation. Conclusion This study showed that Japanese children primarily use non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements. Non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements should thus be included in future studies aimed at monitoring dietary supplement use. We also found that dietary supplement use in children was associated with sports participation. Guidelines for dietary supplement use for children, in particular sport participants, are needed.

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