Using Photography to Assess Foods Offered to Preschoolers in Parent Packed Lunches (P11-069-19)

Abstract Objectives To examine the quality of meals offered to children ages 3–5 years in parent packed lunches at a university-based early childhood center. Methods Using a protocol based on the Remote Food Photography Method, trained research staff used iPads to take before and after photos of preschoolers’ packed lunches over 1 week. Meal quality was assessed using the Healthy Meal Index (HMI) and Child and Adult Food Care Program (CACFP) standards. Photos were independently coded by 2 researchers for key meal details, including availability and type of fruits, vegetables, grains, proteins and dairy, which fed into established scoring criteria to generate a HMI adequacy score. The mean HMI adequacy score for all lunches and percentages of lunches containing each adequacy food group were calculated to assess total meal quality. Photos were also reviewed using CACFP standards for availability, type, and amount of foods offered. Researchers coded photos (k = .86) for the inclusion of 4 food groups (fruits, vegetables, grains, and protein; milk was not served), and serving sizes were visually estimated and compared with recommended CACFP serving sizes: 1.5 oz of protein and 0.25 c each of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Mean standardized servings offered to children were calculated from these standards. Results Lunches (n = 301) from 79 children were photographed (2-5 days/child). The mean HMI adequacy score was $\bar{\rm x}$ = 37.7 11.0 (out of 65), with a range of 15.0 to 65.0. For all meals, 89% contained a grain, 86% contained fruit, 75% contained dairy (non-milk), 60% contained protein, and 48% contained a vegetable. Compared to CACFP standards, lunches had an average of 2.77 0.78 food groups present out of 4. Standardized servings offered for grains ($\bar{\rm x}$ = 2.60 ± 1.49), fruits ($\bar{\rm x}$ = 1.89 ± 1.09), protein ($\bar{\rm x}$ = 1.42 ± .68), and vegetables ($\bar{\rm x}$ = 1.35 ± .74) were high when calculated based on recommended CACFP serving sizes. Conclusions In this study, parent packed lunches fell short of meeting CACFP guidelines by offering less than 3 of the recommended 4 food groups, with a large percentage of lunches containing grains, fruits, and dairy. Children were provided with larger amounts than recommended for all food groups, particularly for grains. Funding Sources Colorado State University Health Behaviors Lab.

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Food security and coping strategies of a rural community within the Valley of a Thousand Hills

10.51415/10321/1700 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Leigh Felt

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Food Group ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Anthropometric Features ◽

Food Variety ◽

The Mean ◽

24 Hour Recall

Food security is a global concern and the insecurity thereof is prevalent in South Africa even though the country is deemed to be secure in terms of food availability. The study was conducted to determine the socio-economic, health and nutrition and food security status of the community living in the Valley of a Thousand Hills in KwaZulu Natal, in addition to analysing their coping strategies. Two hundred and fifty seven respondents were required to participate in this study. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaires; socio demographic questionnaires, dietary intake questionnaires- namely 24 hour recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the coping strategy questionnaires were used. Lastly anthropometric measurements were taken to determine BMI. A prevalence of extreme poverty exists as a magnitude of the high unemployment rate, out of which 75.8% had been unemployed for more than 3 years. The household monthly income was less than R500 per month for 37.3% of the respondents. The mean Food Variety Scores (FVS) (±SD) for all foods consumed from the food groups during seven days was 22.45 (±10.32), indicating a low food variety score. In this study the food group diversity is summarized as the majority of the respondents (91.1%, n=226) being classified with a good dietary diversity score using 6-9 food groups. The mean of the three 24-Hour recall nutrient analysis indicated a deficient intake by both men and women in all of the nutrients (100% of the men and women could not meet the DRI’s for energy and calcium) except for the mean (±SD) carbohydrate intake by men aged 19-50 (214.71 ± 80.22). The main source of food intake was from the carbohydrate food group with an insufficient intake of animal products, dairy products and fruits and vegetables respectively; contributing to the macro and micro nutrient inadequacies. Ninety six percent of this community experienced some level of food insecurity with the worst Coping Strategy Index food insecurity score being 117 out of a possible 175. Four percent of this community was classified as being food secure. Overweight and obesity were the most exceptional anthropometric features by the women respondents with 26.5% (n=66) being overweight and 57% (n=142) obese. The men’s anthropometric features were predominantly normal weight. This study has established poverty and unemployment as being the principal contributors for the food insecurity experienced by the populace and poor dietary intakes. The low food variety diet consumed by the respondents resulted in the DRI’s not achieved for most nutrients. The majority of the respondents only consumed two meals a day, as a coping strategy to reduce/prevent temporary food insecurity. Intervention strategies are needed to improve the food security status and dietary intake of the community members to overcome the crisis of malnutrition.

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Abstract MP31: The Web-based Automated Self-administered 24-hour Dietary Recall Performs Similarly to a Traditional Interviewer-administered 24-hour Dietary Recall

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp31 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Amy F Subar ◽

Sharon I Kirkpatrick ◽

Francis E Thompson ◽

Beth Mittl ◽

Sujata Dixit-Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Response Rates ◽

Study Groups ◽

Food Group ◽

Food Groups ◽

Web Based ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Before And After

Introduction: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the National Cancer Institute (NCI)’s web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall (ASA24) system, which was developed to facilitate the collection of 24-hour dietary recalls in large-scale research. Hypothesis: Energy, nutrient and food group estimates, response rates, and preferences are comparable between ASA24 and USDA’s interviewer-administered Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Methods: Study 1 assessed the response rates and data collected using ASA24 compared to AMPM. About 1200 participants were recruited from three integrated health systems using quota sampling to ensure representation of a range of ages and race/ethnicity groups. Participants were asked to complete two 24HRs, 4-7 weeks apart, and randomized into four study groups: 1) two ASA24s; 2) two AMPMs; 3) ASA24 first and AMPM second; and 4) AMPM first and ASA24 second. Study 2 assessed the validity of ASA24 compared to AMPM in a one-day feeding study. Eighty-one participants visited a study center to consume three meals from a buffet. All containers were unobtrusively weighed before and after each participant served him/herself; plate waste was also weighed. The next day, participants returned to the center to complete either ASA24 or AMPM. Results: Study 1: Almost all enrolled participants (95%) completed at least one recall and 80% completed two; response rates did not differ by recall mode. Estimated intakes of energy, nutrients and food groups were comparable for ASA24 and AMPM; for example, energy, 2132 vs. 2126 kcal; fat, 84.9 vs. 82.8 g; saturated fatty acids, 27.9 vs. 26.9 g; fiber, 18.4 vs. 18.4 g; and fruits and vegetables, 3.0 vs. 3.1 cup equivalents. Of participants randomized to complete one ASA24 and one AMPM, a greater percentage preferred ASA24. Study 2: The examination of foods and drinks reported showed that exact or close matches were recalled for 76.9% of items truly consumed among ASA24 respondents compared to 82.5% among AMPM respondents. Far matches were reported for 3.1% of items consumed among ASA24 respondents compared to 0.7% for AMPM. The proportions of foods or drinks consumed but not reported (exclusions) were 20.4% and 16.8% for ASA24 and AMPM, respectively. Median differences between reported and true intakes for energy, nutrient and most food groups were not significantly different between ASA24 and AMPM. Conclusion: ASA24 performs well relative to traditional interviewer-administered recalls and is feasible for use in large-scale research. The tool, which offers significant savings over interviewer-administered recalls, is publicly available from NCI and has been used in over 800 studies to collect over 113,000 dietary recalls. The tool is currently being updated to run on mobile applications.

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Validation of a diet history questionnaire for use with Costa Rican adults

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000225 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anne Chinnock

Keyword(s):

Standard Method ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Food Group ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Record ◽

Diet History Questionnaire ◽

Diet History ◽

The Mean

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a diet history questionnaire (DHQ) using a weighed food record (WFR) as the standard method in the estimation of food consumption and nutrient intake in a group of adults.DesignWFR: all foods consumed by subjects during 7 consecutive days were weighed and recorded by nutrition students. Two DHQ interviews were carried out on days 1 (first diet history questionnaire, DHQ1) and 28 (second diet history questionnaire, DHQ2).SettingCosta Rica.SubjectsSixty adults: 30 men and 30 women; 30 living in urban and 30 in rural areas.ResultsIn comparison to the WFR, the DHQ1 gave statistically significant higher estimates of the mean intake of 19 nutrients for men and of three nutrients for women. The uncorrected correlation coefficients for nutrient intake according to both methods ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 for males and from 0.22 to 0.62 for females. Percentage of subjects classified in the same quartiles of nutrient intake according to each method ranged from 33.3% to 63.3% for males and from 23.3% to 53.3% for females. Misclassification in extreme quartiles ranged from 0% to 13.3% for both sexes. The mean food group consumption, according to the DHQ1, when compared with the WFR, gave statistically significant differences for three of the 18 food groups for men and for two groups in the case of women. The two applications of the DHQ gave similar results.ConclusionValidation of a DHQ using a WFR as the standard method gave results that compare favourably with those reported by other authors. This study found important differences in the response of men and women to the DHQ: among men, the estimates of mean nutrient intake from DHQ1 were significantly greater than those of the WFR, while in the case of women, the mean nutrient intake estimates from both methods were not significantly different. There was a higher degree of correlation between the DHQ1 and the WFR mean nutrient intakes among men than among women. The DHQ showed good reproducibility.

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Food Based Dietary Guidance - Weighing up the recommendations

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120003456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Dolan ◽

Sali Abouhajar ◽

Damian O'Kelly ◽

Elizabeth O'Sullivan ◽

Aileen Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Food Group ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Automatic Assessment ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Group A ◽

Serving Sizes ◽

Serving Size

AbstractFood Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) are dietary recommendations described in terms of amounts of foods that should be consumed. They are designed to support healthy eating through simple messaging and indicate how to achieve a nutritionally adequate diet. However, assessing compliance with FBDG targets can be difficult. The quantity of food either being consumed or prescribed and the amount of that food that constitutes a serving are needed to calculate the contribution of the food towards a food group target. The aim of this study was to define the serving weight of foods, guided by definitions from Irish FBDG, to the McCance and Widdowson Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset 2015 (CoFID). This will enable the automatic assessment of compliance to FBDG using Nutritics nutrition analysis software. Foods from CoFID were categorised into six food groups as defined by Ireland's FBDG. Quantified servings from the Irish FBDG were matched to foods. Calculation criteria were developed to establish a serving size for remaining foods within each food group. For fats and oils, as well as raw fruits and vegetables, household measurements were converted to grams, using Food Portion Sizes from the Food Standards Agency. Quantities for cooked fruits and vegetables were calculated using weight-change factors published by Bognar. For the breads, cereals and potatoes group a serving size was calculated using the midpoint for the calorie bands in this group, as defined by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland. For the dairy group, a serving size was determined by calculating the quantity needed to provide 250 mg of calcium. This was in line with achieving the total daily recommended amount of calcium from the dairy group from 3 servings. For meat, fish and alternatives (MFA), serving sizes were developed using the recommended amount of protein per body weight reference value for males and females. For foods high in fat, sugar and salt, serving sizes were defined using 100kcal as the recommended amount of energy provided for snacks. Out of 3,291 foods, 1,980 were grouped into 6 food groups. Quantified servings were available for 694 foods in 3 food groups. Calculated serving sizes were developed for the remaining 1,276 foods. The quantity of each food that constitutes a serving will be integrated into Nutritics to automatically assess compliance to FBDG. This will enable Health Care and Food Industry Professionals to deliver informed advice on meeting population health targets.

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Estimation of sodium availability in food in Slovenia: results from household food purchase data from 2000 to 2009

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2478/sjph-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 209-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cirila Hlastan Ribič ◽

Jožica Maučec Zakotnik ◽

Barbara Koroušić Seljak ◽

Rok Poličnik ◽

Urška Blaznik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Products ◽

Food Group ◽

Food Composition ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Food Groups ◽

Food Purchase ◽

The Mean ◽

Brown Bread ◽

Total Sodium ◽

Country Specific

Abstract Introduction: The main aim of the study was to estimate average daily sodium availability of Slovenian consumers based on the food purchase data for the period 2000-2009. The secondary aim was to look for food group contributors to sodium availability. Methods: Food purchase records (Household Budget Survey) as well as country-specific reference values and food composition information were used to estimate mean sodium availability of purchased foods (grams of sodium/person/ day - g Na/p/day) as well as food groups and foods with the largest contribution to the total sodium availability. Discussion and results: The mean sodium availability of purchased foods decreased in the period 2000-2009 and was on average 2,104±132 mg Na/p/day, not accounting for ready-made meals, most semi-prepared foods and adding salt during cooking and at the table. The key food group contributors of sodium in Slovenia were breads and bakery products (35.0%), meat products (27.9%), processed vegetables (6.6%) and cheeses (5.3%). Conclusions: Notwithstanding the smaller purchased quantities of higher-sodium foods (e.g. sausages, prosciutto, dry meat, pickled cucumbers) in comparison to larger purchased quantities of the medium-sodium foods (e.g. white bread, mixed bread, brown bread, milk, rolls), both food groups contribute significant amounts of sodium in the diets of Slovenians.

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Adaptation, validation and reproducibility of a short FFQ to assess food group intake in the population resident in the Basque country (Spain)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020001822 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N Telleria-Aramburu ◽

I Alegria-Lertxundi ◽

M Arroyo-Izaga

Keyword(s):

Contingency Table ◽

Basque Country ◽

Target Population ◽

Food Group ◽

Education Level ◽

Good Reproducibility ◽

Food Groups ◽

Autonomous Community ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Variables

Abstract Objective: To adapt a short FFQ (SFFQ) and evaluate its relative validity and reproducibility to assess food group intake in a population resident in the Basque Country. Moreover, the possible influence of associated variables (such as education level) on its validity and reproducibility was determined. Design: Nine-day 24-h recalls (24HR) were used as a reference to explore validity over the course of 1 year. The degree of misclassification in the SFFQ was evaluated by a contingency table of quartiles and by Bland–Altman plots comparing SFFQ2 and 24HR. SFFQ was administered twice to explore reproducibility at 1 year. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community. Participants: Adults aged ≥21 years (n 99). The sample was randomly selected and representative of the target population. Results: For validity, statistically significant correlations were observed for more than half of the food groups, with the lowest correlations (r or ρ) for fat (–0·008) and the highest for other foods (0·963). The mean percentage of the subjects’ food intake that was classified into the same or adjacent quartile in both methods was 75·2 %. Reproducibility was explored by the correlation coefficient and ranged from 0·201 to 0·809, and 82·6 % of participants were in the same or adjacent quartile in both SFFQ. The associated variables did not seem to influence the validity and reproducibility of the SFFQ. Conclusions: An adapted SFFQ presented good reproducibility and validity for measuring most food groups in the target population, and these results did not seem to be influenced by the associated variables.

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First evaluation steps of a new method for dietary intake estimation regarding a list of key food groups in adults and in different sociodemographic and health-related behaviour strata

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017001641 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 2660-2669 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luis M Béjar

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Food Group ◽

New Method ◽

Short Paper ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Food Groups ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

The Mean ◽

Habitual Intake

AbstractObjectiveA new method known as ‘current-day dietary recall’ (current-day recall) is based on an application for mobile phones called ‘electronic 12 h dietary recall’ (e-12HR). This new method was designed to rank participants into categories of habitual intake regarding a series of key food groups. The present study compared current-day recall against a previously validated short paper FFQ.DesignParticipants recorded the consumption of selected food groups using e-12HR during twenty-eight consecutive days and then filled out a short paper FFQ at the end of the study period. To evaluate the association and agreement between both methods, Spearman’s correlation coefficients (SCC), cross-classification analysis and weighted kappa statistics (κw) were used.SettingAndalusia, Spain, Southern Europe.SubjectsUniversity students and employees over the age of 18 years.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-seven participants completed the study (64·2 % female, 35·8 % male). For all particpants, for all food group intakes, the mean SCC was 0·70 (SCC≥0·62 were observed for all strata); the mean percentage of participants cross-classified into categories of ‘exact agreement+adjacent’ was 90·1 % (percentages≥87·8 % were observed for all strata); and the mean κw was 0·55 (κw≥0·53 in ten of the twelve strata).ConclusionsFor the whole sample and for all strata thereof, the current-day recall has good agreement with the previously validated short paper FFQ for assessing food group intakes, rendering it a useful method for ranking individuals.

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Food additives and food components in total diets in The Netherlands

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19820108 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 223-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

W. Van Dokkum ◽

R. H. De Vos ◽

Frances A. Cloughley ◽

Karin F. A. M. Hulshof ◽

F. Dukel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Food Additives ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Group ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Food Groups ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Market Basket ◽

Food Components ◽

The Mean

1. During a period of 2 years, every 2 months 126 different food items forming a 'market basket' were purchased, prepared and divided into twelve food commodity groups. The 'market basket' was based on a study of the dietary pattern of 16- to 18-year-old male adolescents. In the (homogenized) food groups various additives and components of nutritional importance were determined. From the concentrations of the additives and components in the food groups and the daily consumption of each food group, a mean daily intake of all components analysed was calculated.2. The mean daily amounts of benzoic acid (34 mg), sorbic acid (6 mg), glutamic acid (66 mg) and sulphite (3 mg) were all far below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value. Butylated hydroxytoluene and gallates were not detectabte, while bulylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was found in only a few instances; the maximum amount of BHA was also very iow (4 mg).3. The mean daily intakes of fluorine (0.8 mg), iodine (0.21 mg), phosphorus (1860 mg) and α-tocopherol (9.4 mg) seem safe and adequate. Cholesterol intakes of 25% above the maximum of 300 mg/d, as advised by the Dutch Bureau for Nutriiion Education, were found. The mean fat intake appeared to be 40% of total daily energy, protein content 13% of total energy and total (available) carbohydrate 46% of total energy. The daily dietary fibre content (18 g) and the daily amount of linoleic + Iinolenic acid (6% of total energy) were considered too low. The daily level of sodium (4.2 g) was not considered too high.4. It is recommended that the study should be repeated regularly, e.g. every few years, in order to monitor trends in the concentrations of significant food components in total diets.

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Anatomical predictors of mitral valve area reduction after the implantation of one MitraClip: the spot matter

European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care ◽

10.1093/ehjacc/zuab020.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Kassar

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Mitral Valve Area ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Area Reduction ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Reduction Percentage ◽

Anatomical Parameters ◽

Valve Area

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction To avoid significant stenosis after edge-to-edge therapy of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) using MitraClip (MC), according to the EVEREST criteria, patients with a mitral valve area (MVA) <4 cm2 should not be treated with this technique. Instead of basing the decision on only one parameter, the anatomical predictors of the reduction percentage should be defined. It is the purpose of this study Methods During the last two years interventions, volume of the MV were acquired by the guiding echocardiographer and, using a dedicated 3-D software MVA before and after clipping were measured and the percentage of reduction calculated. Several baseline anatomical parameters were also evaluated: MV annulus surface and diameters, leaflets surface, percentage of fibrosed/calcified leaflet, tenting volume. The ratio between the two orifices after clipping was also calculated. Results During the study period, 120 patients were evaluated, 69 primary (PMR) and 51 secondary (SMR) mitral regurgitations. The mean reduction of the MVA after one MC was 53.6+/-8.5% with a range of 25-69% and there was no difference when SMR were compared with PMR. Of all the structural parameters that we correlated with the percentage of MVA reduction, the ratio between the two orifices created after the MC implantation was the only one statistically linked. The relation is U-shaped with a maximal MVA reduction for a ratio of the orifices of about 3/5 (figure 1). The correlation was even better for the PMR cases (figure 2). Conclusions The range of MVA reduction following the implantation of one MC is very variable and the only predictor of the percentage of MVA reduction we found was the spot of implantation. Abstract Figure.

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Contribution of Plant-Based Foods to Protein Intake in the Portuguese Population

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab044_030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 599-599

Author(s):

Carla Motta ◽

Dalila Diniz ◽

Nelson Tavares ◽

Mariana Coelho ◽

Isabel Castanheira

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

Food Group ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Primary Sources ◽

Food Groups ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Funding Sources ◽

National Recommendation

Abstract Objectives Plant-based foods (PBFs) are in cutting edge of nutrition due to well-established physical and environmental health benefits. The knowledge of amino acid (AA) composition of PBFs is crucial to evaluate the protein intake. This work aims to assess how PBFs can contribute to the protein intake, according to the Mediterranean diet's reference portions. Methods Protein quality was determined in 58 PBFs belonging to cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, legumes, animal protein substitutes and algae available in Portuguese markets. The AA score and specific intake estimated in agreement with WHO, National recommendation and Portuguese food consumption patterns, after UPLC/PDA analysis. Results The highest protein content found in algae, with 35.1 ± 1.2 g/100g DW, and animal protein substitutes with 26.1 ± 0.8 g/100g. Regarding the essential AA scores, by food group, histidine, threonine and aromatic amino acids (AAA) present scores above 1 (1 to 3.5) and lysine, valine and isoleucine current results below 1 for all food groups, despite that lysine in legumes have a 0.9 score. Only legumes for leucine, and cereals and meat substitutes for sulfur AA have scores greater than 1. They are considering the maximum recommended portions, for Portuguese consumption, each of the food groups supplies between 400% of AAA and 100% of lysine regarding essential AA. According to data of consumption on specific plant food groups, an average of 80% of the recommended intake is represented by AAA, and the Portuguese population consumes 15% lysine. The primary sources, of essential AA that contribute to the Portuguese intake, are cereals and tubers with 67.9% of AAA in men and 56.3% in women and 10% of lysine in men and 8.3% in women. The groups of vegetables, legumes and fruits contribute less than 10% of all essential AA. Conclusions Complementarity and diversity of PBFs can reduce some essential AA to achieve the established protein recommendations. A combination of different food groups, such as cereals and legumes, should be taken into account. Increasing seaweed consumption, legumes, and vegetables should be encouraged to the general population. Funding Sources INSA2020DAN1844 - Characterization of commercially available processed plant-based products.

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