scholarly journals Water Extract of Gastrodia Elate Blume May Ameliorate Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress-induced Behavior Through Gut-brain Axis in Mice (P14-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystal Choong Le Xin ◽  
Lin Yu-En ◽  
Lu Kuan-Hung ◽  
Suraphan Panyod ◽  
Wu Wei-Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Gut has been known as the second brain and affects the brain via various pathways such as neurotransmitter modulation. We previously showed that water extract of Gastrodia elate Blume (WGE) exerts antidepression-like effect in forced swimming test. However, the impact of WGE on gut in subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model has not studied. Thus, we investigate the potential gut-brain linked mechanisms of WGE in relieving stress-induced depression-like behaviors which may result from the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in mice subjected to sCSDS model. Methods C57/BL6J mice were divided into 6 groups: control (CTR), control with antibiotics (CTR + A), sCSDS, sCSDS with WGE (sCSDS + WGE), sCSDS with antibiotics (sCSDS + A) and sCSDS with antibiotics and WGE (sCSDS + A + WGE). Mice were administered 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) of WGE for 30 days and antibiotics by 10 ml/kg BW (0.1 mg/ml amphotericin B for the first 2 days, and then mixed with 5 mg/ml vancomycin, 10 mg/ml neomycin, 10 mg/ml metronidazol and 0.1 mg/ml amphotericin B for the next 28 days by gavage with ampicillin 1 mg/ml in drinking water), otherwise the sCSDS paradigm for 10 days, exclude the CTR groups. A social interaction test was conducted to assess the antidepression-like effects, while serum corticosterone (CORT) was tested as a stress indicator. Brain was isolated to dissect the TRP metabolism by using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Results WGE significantly reversed the depression-like phenotypes, such as BW loss, social avoidance and stress index, serum CORT induced by sCSDS (P < 0.05). Whereas antibiotics administration elevated BW (P < 0.05). Treatment with antibiotics and WGE significantly increased social avoidance (P < 0.05). HPLC-ECD indicated WGE slightly normalized the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/serotonin (5-HT) ratio, while antibiotics significantly decreased it, also significantly increased 5-HT and 5-HT/TRP ratio in prefrontal cortex (P < 0.05). In general, high levels of 5-HT in brain induced by sCSDS with antibiotics may linked to aggression, while WGE treatment reverse it. Conclusions The antidepression-like effects of WGE might be mediated by the regulation of TRP metabolism in gut-brain axis suggested to be a potential pathway to prevent depression. Funding Sources N/A. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Hop Bitter Acids Increase Hippocampal Dopaminergic Activity in a Mouse Model of Social Defeat Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9612
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Ano ◽  
Shiho Kitaoka ◽  
Rena Ohya ◽  
Keiji Kondo ◽  
Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Dopaminergic Activity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Bitter Acids

As daily lifestyle is closely associated with mental illnesses, diet-based preventive approaches are receiving attention. Supplementation with hop bitter acids such as iso-α-acids (IAA) and mature hop bitter acids (MHBA) improves mood states in healthy older adults. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Since acute oral consumption with IAA increases dopamine levels in hippocampus and improves memory impairment via vagal nerve activation, here we investigated the effects of chronic administration of hop bitter acids on the dopaminergic activity associated with emotional disturbance in a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (R-SDS). Chronic administration of IAA and MHBA significantly increased dopaminergic activity based on the dopamine metabolite to dopamine ratio in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex following R-SDS. Hippocampal dopaminergic activity was inversely correlated with the level of R-SDS-induced social avoidance with or without IAA administration. Therefore, chronic treatment with hop bitter acids enhances stress resilience-related hippocampal dopaminergic activity.

scholarly journals Ingestion of probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum) alters intestinal microbial structure and behavioral expression following social defeat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Partrick ◽  
Anna M. Rosenhauer ◽  
Jérémie Auger ◽  
Amanda R. Arnold ◽  
Nicole M. Ronczkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractSocial stress exacerbates anxious and depressive behaviors in humans. Similarly, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors are triggered by social stress in a variety of non-human animals. Here, we tested whether oral administration of the putative anxiolytic probiotic strains Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 reduces the striking increase in anxiety-like behavior and changes in gut microbiota observed following social defeat stress in Syrian hamsters. We administered the probiotic at two different doses for 21 days, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a shift in microbial structure following probiotic administration at both doses, independently of stress. Probiotic administration at either dose increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 compared to placebo. Surprisingly, probiotic administration at the low dose, equivalent to the one used in humans, significantly increased social avoidance and decreased social interaction. This behavioral change was associated with a reduction in microbial richness in this group. Together, these results demonstrate that probiotic administration alters gut microbial composition and may promote an anti-inflammatory profile but that these changes may not promote reductions in behavioral responses to social stress.

Effects of ethanol on social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat stress in mice

Stress ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane A. Favoretto ◽  
Giovana C. Macedo ◽  
Isabel M. H. Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture improves repeated social defeat stress-elicited social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors by reducing Lipocalin-2 in the hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hung Chen ◽  
Sheng-Yun Xie ◽  
Chao-Wei Chen ◽  
Dah-Yuu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Astrocyte Activation ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related disorder that is associated with pro-inflammatory activation and neurobiological impairments in the brain and leads to a series of affective-like behaviors. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed as a clinically useful therapy for several brain diseases. However, the potential role of EA treatment in PTSD and its molecular and cellular mechanisms has rarely been investigated. Methods We used an established preclinical social defeat stress mouse model to study whether EA treatment modulates PTSD-like symptoms and understand its underlying mechanisms. To this end, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) for 6 consecutive days to induce symptoms of PTSD and treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints. Results The stimulation of EA, but not needle insertion at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints effectively improved PTSD-like behaviors such as, social avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors. However, EA stimulation at the bilateral Tianzong (SI11) acupoints did not affect the PTSD-like behaviors obtained by RSDS. EA stimulation also markedly inhibited astrocyte activation in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampi of RSDS-treated mice. Using next-generation sequencing analysis, our results showed that EA stimulation attenuated RSDS-enhanced lipocalin 2 expression in the hippocampus. Importantly, using double-staining immunofluorescence, we observed that the increased lipocalin 2 expression in astrocytes by RSDS was also reduced by EA stimulation. In addition, intracerebroventricular injection of mouse recombinant lipocalin 2 protein in the lateral ventricles provoked social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, and the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the overexpression of lipocalin 2 in the brain also altered the expression of stress-related genes, including monoamine oxidase A, monoamine oxidase B, mineralocorticoid receptor, and glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus. Conclusions This study suggests that the treatment of EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) acupoints improves RSDS-induced social avoidance, anxiety-like behaviors, astrocyte activation, and lipocalin 2 expression. Furthermore, our findings also indicate that lipocalin 2 expression in the brain may be an important biomarker for the development of PTSD-related symptoms.

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