The Subplate Layers: The Superficial and Deep Subplate Can be Discriminated on 3 Tesla Human Fetal Postmortem MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 5038-5048
Author(s):  
Ivana Pogledic ◽  
Ernst Schwartz ◽  
Christian Mitter ◽  
Pascal Baltzer ◽  
Ruxandra-Iulia Milos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Postmortem Mri ◽  
Imaging Methodology ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Transient Structure

Abstract The subplate (SP) is a transient structure of the human fetal brain that becomes the most prominent layer of the developing pallium during the late second trimester. It is important in the formation of thalamocortical and cortico-cortical connections. The SP is vulnerable in perinatal brain injury and may play a role in complex neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism. Nine postmortem fetal human brains (19–24 GW) were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR scanner and the T2-w images in the frontal and temporal lobes were compared, in each case, with the histological slices of the same brain. The brains were confirmed to be without any brain pathology. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the superficial SP (sSP) and deep SP (dSP) can be discriminated on postmortem MR images. More specifically, we aimed to clarify that the observable, thin, hyperintense layer below the cortical plate in the upper SP portion on T2-weighted MR images has an anatomical correspondence to the histologically established sSP. Therefore, the distinction between the sSP and dSP layers, using clinically available MR imaging methodology, is possible in postmortem MRI and can help in the imaging interpretation of the fetal cerebral layers.

Virtual angiography of the fetal brain using postmortem MRI

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Katorza ◽  
Y. Salem ◽  
D. Shashar ◽  
Y. Gilboa ◽  
R. Achiron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Postmortem Mri

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain at 3 Tesla

Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (40) ◽  
pp. e12602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivaldo Adolfo da Silva ◽  
José Vassallo ◽  
Luis Otávio Sarian ◽  
Christophe Cognard ◽  
Annick Sevely
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals P09.12: The fetal thymus: morphology and volumetry in 3 Tesla postmortem MRI - a retrospective analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
T. Jhala ◽  
P.C. Brugger ◽  
D. Prayer ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
G.M. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
3 Tesla ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Postmortem Mri

scholarly journals Fundamentals of the Development of Connectivity in the Human Fetal Brain in Late Gestation: From 24 Weeks Gestational Age to Term

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Kostović ◽  
Milan Radoš ◽  
Mirna Kostović-Srzentić ◽  
Željka Krsnik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thalamocortical Axons ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Growth Guidance ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Histological Data

Abstract During the second half of gestation, the human cerebrum undergoes pivotal histogenetic events that underlie functional connectivity. These include the growth, guidance, selection of axonal pathways, and their first engagement in neuronal networks. Here, we characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of cerebral connectivity in extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), preterm and term babies, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological data. In the EPT and VPT babies, thalamocortical axons enter into the cortical plate creating the electrical synapses. Additionally, the subplate zone gradually resolves in the preterm and term brain in conjunction with the growth of associative pathways leading to the activation of large-scale neural networks. We demonstrate that specific classes of axonal pathways within cerebral compartments are selectively vulnerable to temporally nested pathogenic factors. In particular, the radial distribution of axonal lesions, that is, radial vulnerability, is a robust predictor of clinical outcome. Furthermore, the subplate tangential nexus that we can visualize using MRI could be an additional marker as pivotal in the development of cortical connectivity. We suggest to direct future research toward the identification of sensitive markers of earlier lesions, the elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying pathogenesis, and better long-term follow-up using structural and functional MRI.

scholarly journals Segmentation of the Cortical Plate in Fetal Brain MRI with a Topological Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Priscille de Dumast ◽  
Hamza Kebiri ◽  
Chirine Atat ◽  
Vincent Dunet ◽  
Mériam Koob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Cortical Plate

scholarly journals TOTAL CELL NUMBER IN FETAL BRAIN

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grethe Badsberg Samuelsen ◽  
Nenad Bogdanović ◽  
Henning Laursen ◽  
Niels Graem ◽  
Jørgen Falck Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Total Cell Population

In this study the material comprises brains from three aborted fetuses and two fullterm infants who died at birth.The gestational ages ranged from the 22nd week to term. All cases were without malformations, known chromosomal abnormality, hydrops, and systemic infections, and all had normal birth weights with fetal growth indices (observed birth weight/expected mean birth weight) between 0.9 - 1.05. The preliminary results show a five fold increase in the total cell population in the marginal zone/cortical plate, MZ/CP (future neocortex), from week 22 until term. In the transient subplate zone, SP, the total cell number was more than doubled from week 22 to week 30-35, and then decreased towards term. In the intermediate zone, IZ (future white matter), the total cell population was doubled from week 22 until term. The total cell number in the entricular/subventricular zone, VZ/SZ (germinal matrix), was reduced by a factor of five from week 22 until term. A histological differentiation between neurons and glial cells was not possible. The optical fractionator was used to estimate the total cell population in four characteristic developmental zones in the human fetal brain. Fetal brain tissue undergoes considerable and rather unpredictable shrinkage during fixation. However, using the fractionator principle it is possible to eliminate this problem, provided that the structure of interest (one brain hemisphere) is fully intact.

Severe fetal symptomatic infection from human cytomegalovirus following non-primary maternal infection: report of two cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Matteo Lanna ◽  
Elisa Fabbri ◽  
Maurizio Zavattoni ◽  
Chiara Doneda ◽  
Valentina Toto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hcmv Disease ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection, expecially severe after a maternal primary infection; sequelae in neonates born to mothers experiencing a non-primary infection have been already reported. Hereby, two cases of severe fetal HCMV disease in seroimmune gravidas referred to our Unit are described. Cases presentation Case 1 A fetus at 21 weeks’ gestation with signs of anemia and brain abnormalities at ultrasound (US), described at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as ependymal irregularity and bilateral asymmetric parenchimal thinning; amniotic fluid sample was positive for HCMV although the woman had a previous immunity; after termination of pregnancy, autopsy demonstrated a thicken layer of disorganized neurons on the right cortical plate, while on the left there was a morphological pattern coherent with polymicrogyria. Case 2 A fetus at 20 weeks’ gestation with anemia, moderate atrio-ventricular insufficiency, hepatosplenomegaly but no major cerebral lesions. Fetal blood was positive for HCMV, although unexpected for pre-pregnancy maternal immunity, and intrauterine transfusion was needed. A cesarean section at 34 weeks gestation was performed due to worsening condition of the fetus, who had a birthweight of 2210 grams, needed platelet transfusions but MR examination and clinical evaluation were normal. Conclusion The impact of non-primary maternal infection on pregnancy outcome is unknown and fetal brain damage in HCMV seroimmune transmitter-mothers can occur as a consequence of maternal re-infection or reactivation for a hypotetic different role of HCMV-primed CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells in fetal brain, with progressive brain lesions coexistent in the first case and with severe unexpected anemia in the second case. A previous maternal HCMV immunity should not exempt to test anemic fetuses for such infection, nor to consider a potential transplacental transmission.

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