scholarly journals Subthalamic Nucleus Activity Influences Sensory and Motor Cortex during Force Transduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2615-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhourani ◽  
Anna Korzeniewska ◽  
Thomas A Wozny ◽  
Witold J Lipski ◽  
Efstathios D Kondylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Dynamic Scaling ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Force Transduction

Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is proposed to participate in pausing, or alternately, in dynamic scaling of behavioral responses, roles that have conflicting implications for understanding STN function in the context of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. To examine the nature of event-related STN activity and subthalamic-cortical dynamics, we performed primary motor and somatosensory electrocorticography while subjects (n = 10) performed a grip force task during DBS implantation surgery. Phase-locking analyses demonstrated periods of STN-cortical coherence that bracketed force transduction, in both beta and gamma ranges. Event-related causality measures demonstrated that both STN beta and gamma activity predicted motor cortical beta and gamma activity not only during force generation but also prior to movement onset. These findings are consistent with the idea that the STN participates in motor planning, in addition to the modulation of ongoing movement. We also demonstrated bidirectional information flow between the STN and somatosensory cortex in both beta and gamma range frequencies, suggesting robust STN participation in somatosensory integration. In fact, interactions in beta activity between the STN and somatosensory cortex, and not between STN and motor cortex, predicted PD symptom severity. Thus, the STN contributes to multiple aspects of sensorimotor behavior dynamically across time.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor cortical-subthalamic network dynamics during force generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhourani ◽  
Anna Korzeniewska ◽  
Thomas A. Wozny ◽  
Witold J. Lipski ◽  
Efstathios D. Kondylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Dynamic Scaling ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Gamma Power

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is proposed to participate in pausing, or alternately, in dynamic scaling of behavioral responses, roles that have conflicting implications for understanding STN function in the context of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. To examine the nature of event-related STN activity and subthalamic-cortical dynamics, we performed primary motor and somatosensory electrocorticography while subjects (n=10) performed a grip force task during DBS implantation surgery. The results provide the first evidence from humans that STN gamma activity can predict activity in the cortex both prior to and during movement, consistent with the idea that the STN participates in both motor planning and execution. We observed that STN activity appeared to facilitate movement: while both movement onset and termination both coincided with STN-cortical phase-locking, narrow-band gamma power was positively correlated with grip force, and event-related causality measures demonstrated that STN gamma activity predicted cortical gamma activity during movement. STN participation in somatosensory integration also was demonstrated by casual analysis. Information flow from the STN to somatosensory cortex was observed for both beta and gamma range frequencies, specific to particular movement periods and kinematics. Interactions in beta activity between the STN and somatosensory cortex, rather than motor cortex, predicted PD symptom severity. Thus, the STN contributes to multiple aspects of sensorimotor behavior dynamically across time.

Reward-Associated Gamma Oscillations in Ventral Striatum Are Regionally Differentiated and Modulate Local Firing Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 1658-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kalenscher ◽  
Carien S. Lansink ◽  
Jan V. Lankelma ◽  
Cyriel M. A. Pennartz
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Gamma Power

Oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs) in the gamma range are found in many brain regions and are supposed to support the temporal organization of cognitive, perceptual, and motor functions. Even though gamma oscillations have also been observed in ventral striatum, one of the brain's most important structures for motivated behavior and reward processing, their specific function during ongoing behavior is unknown. Using a movable tetrode array, we recorded LFPs and activity of neural ensembles in the ventral striatum of rats performing a reward-collection task. Rats were running along a triangle track and in each round collected one of three different types of rewards. The gamma power of LFPs on subsets of tetrodes was modulated by reward-site visits, discriminated between reward types, between baitedness of reward locations and was different before versus after arrival at a reward site. Many single units in ventral striatum phase-locked their discharge pattern to the gamma oscillations of the LFPs. Phase-locking occurred more often in reward-related than in reward-unrelated neurons and LFPs. A substantial number of simultaneously recorded LFPs correlated poorly with each other in terms of gamma rhythmicity, indicating that the expression of gamma activity was heterogeneous and regionally differentiated. The orchestration of LFPs and single-unit activity by way of gamma rhythmicity sheds light on the functional architecture of the ventral striatum and the temporal coordination of ventral striatal activity for modulating downstream areas and regulating synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Multiscale dynamics and information flow in a data-driven model of the primary motor cortex microcircuit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Dura-Bernal ◽  
Samuel A Neymotin ◽  
Benjamin A Suter ◽  
Gordon M G Shepherd ◽  
William W Lytton
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Multiscale Dynamics ◽  
Cell Class ◽  
Phase Amplitude

AbstractWe developed a biophysically detailed multiscale model of mouse primary motor cortex (M1) with over 10,000 neurons and 35 million synapses. We focused on intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal-tract (PT) neurons of layer 5 (L5), which were modeled at high multicompartment resolution. Wiring densities were based on prior detailed measures from mouse slice, and depended on cell class and cortical depth at sublaminar resolution. Prominent phase-amplitude-coupled delta and gamma activity emerged from the network. Spectral Granger causality analysis revealed the dynamics of information flow through populations at different frequencies. Stimulation of motor vs sensory long-range inputs to M1 demonstrated distinct intra- and inter-laminar dynamics and PT output. Manipulating PT Ih altered PT activity, supporting the hypothesis that Ih neuromodulation is involved in translating motor planning into execution. Our model sheds light on the multiscale dynamics of cell-type-specific M1 circuits and how connectivity relates to dynamics.

scholarly journals Delineation of an insula-BNST circuit engaged by struggling behavior that regulates avoidance in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Luchsinger ◽  
Tracy L. Fetterly ◽  
Kellie M. Williford ◽  
Gregory J. Salimando ◽  
Marie A. Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Affective Behavior

AbstractActive responses to stressors involve motor planning, execution, and feedback. Here we identify an insular cortex to BNST (insula→BNST) circuit recruited during restraint stress-induced active struggling that modulates affective behavior. We demonstrate that activity in this circuit tightly follows struggling behavioral events and that the size of the fluorescent sensor transient reports the duration of the struggle event, an effect that fades with repeated exposure to the homotypic stressor. Struggle events are associated with enhanced glutamatergic- and decreased GABAergic signaling in the insular cortex, indicating the involvement of a larger circuit. We delineate the afferent network for this pathway, identifying substantial input from motor- and premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and the amygdala. To begin to dissect these incoming signals, we examine the motor cortex input, and show that the cells projecting from motor regions to insular cortex are engaged shortly before struggle event onset. This study thus demonstrates a role for the insula→BNST pathway in monitoring struggling activity and regulating affective behavior.

scholarly journals Subthalamic nucleus beta and gamma activity is modulated depending on the level of imagined grip force

2017 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Fischer ◽  
Alek Pogosyan ◽  
Binith Cheeran ◽  
Alexander L. Green ◽  
Tipu Z. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Gamma Activity

Multi-frequency phase locking in human somatosensory cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Langdon ◽  
Tjeerd W. Boonstra ◽  
Michael Breakspear
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Frequency Phase

Impaired glutamatergic projection from the motor cortex to the subthalamic nucleus in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemi-parkinsonian rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Hai-Fei Jiang ◽  
Jun-Hua Liu ◽  
Jun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Inter- and intra-hemispheric spatiotemporal organization of spontaneous electrocortical oscillations

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. MacDonald ◽  
B. Brett ◽  
D. S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Sharp Wave ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
The Right

1. Two 64-channel epipial electrode arrays were positioned on homologous locations of the right and left hemisphere, covering most of primary and secondary auditory and somatosensory cortex in eight lightly anesthetized rats. Array placement was verified with the use of cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. 2. Middle-latency auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials (MAEPs and MSEPs, respectively) and spontaneous oscillations in the frequency range of 20-40 Hz (gamma oscillations) were recorded and found to be spatially constrained to regions of granular cortex, suggesting that both phenomena are closely associated with sensory information processing. 3. The MAEP and MSEP consisted of an initial biphasic sharp wave in primary auditory and somatosensory cortex, respectively, and a similar biphasic sharp wave occurred approximately 4-8 ms later in secondary sensory cortex of the given modality. Averaged gamma oscillations also revealed asynchronous activation of sensory cortex, but with a shorter 2-ms delay between oscillations in primary and secondary regions. Although the long latency shift of the MAEP and MSEP may be due in part to asynchronous activation of parallel thalamocortical projections to primary and secondary sensory cortex, the much shorter shift of gamma oscillations in a given modality is consistent with intracortical coupling of these regions. 4. Gamma oscillations occurred independently in auditory and somatosensory cortex within a given hemisphere. Furthermore, time series averaging revealed that there was no phase-locking of oscillations between the sensory modalities. 5. Gamma oscillations were loosely coupled between hemispheres; oscillations occurring in auditory or somatosensory cortex of one hemisphere were often associated with lower-amplitude oscillations in homologous contralateral sensory cortex. Yet, the fact that time series averaging revealed no interhemispheric phase-locking suggests that the corpus callosum may not coordinate the bilateral gamma oscillations, and that a thalamic modulatory influence may be involved.

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