scholarly journals 2015–2016 Vaccine Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Poehling ◽  
Herve Caspard ◽  
Timothy R Peters ◽  
Edward A Belongia ◽  
Blaise Congeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Vaccines

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Trivalent and Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccines Against Influenza B in the United States, 2011–2012 to 2016–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
Anupama Vasudevan ◽  
Chandni Raiyani ◽  
Kempapura Murthy ◽  
Wencong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
B Lineage

Abstract Background Since 2013, quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing 2 B viruses gradually replaced trivalent vaccines in the United States. We compared the vaccine effectiveness of quadrivalent to trivalent inactivated vaccines (IIV4 to IIV3, respectively) against illness due to influenza B during the transition, when IIV4 use increased rapidly. Methods The US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network analyzed 25 019 of 42 600 outpatients aged ≥6 months who enrolled within 7 days of illness onset during 6 seasons from 2011–2012. Upper respiratory specimens were tested for the influenza virus type and B lineage. Using logistic regression, we estimated IIV4 or IIV3 effectiveness by comparing the odds of an influenza B infection overall and the odds of B lineage among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants. Over 4 seasons from 2013–2014, we compared the relative odds of an influenza B infection among IIV4 versus IIV3 recipients. Results Trivalent vaccines included the predominantly circulating B lineage in 4 of 6 seasons. During 4 influenza seasons when both IIV4 and IIV3 were widely used, the overall effectiveness against any influenza B was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45–59) for IIV4 versus 45% (95% CI, 34–54) for IIV3. IIV4 was more effective than IIV3 against the B lineage not included in IIV3, but comparative effectiveness against illnesses related to any influenza B favored neither vaccine valency. Conclusions The uptake of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines was not associated with increased protection against any influenza B illness, despite the higher effectiveness of quadrivalent vaccines against the added B virus lineage. Public health impact and cost-benefit analyses are needed globally.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in the United States, 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W Tenforde ◽  
H Keipp Talbot ◽  
Christopher H Trabue ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
Tresa M McNeal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Hospital Resources ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Background Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality and stresses hospital resources during periods of increased circulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 2019-2020 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. Methods We included adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 14 hospitals and tested for influenza viruses by reserve transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in test-positive influenza cases versus test-negative controls, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age and major circulating influenza types along with A(H1N1)pdm09 genetic subgroups. Results 3116 participants were included, including 18% (553) influenza-positive cases. Median age was 63 years. Sixty-seven percent (2079) received vaccination. Overall adjusted VE against influenza viruses was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27-52). VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 40% (95% CI: 24-53) and 33% against B viruses (95% CI: 0-56). Of the two major A(H1N1)pdm09 subgroups (representing 90% of sequenced H1N1 viruses), VE against one group (5A+187A,189E) was 59% (95% CI: 34-75) whereas no significant VE was observed against the other group (5A+156K) [-1%, 95% CI: -61-37]. Conclusions In a primarily older population, influenza vaccination was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of hospitalized influenza illness.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2016–2017 Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S451-S452
Author(s):  
Brendan Flannery ◽  
Jessie Chung ◽  
Arnold S Monto ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
Edward Belongia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine effectiveness among patients with high-risk medical conditions in the United States, 2012–2016

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (52) ◽  
pp. 8047-8053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Shang ◽  
Jessie R. Chung ◽  
Michael L. Jackson ◽  
Lisa A. Jackson ◽  
Arnold S. Monto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Medical Conditions

scholarly journals LB14. Safety and Immunogenicity of High-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Administered by Intramuscular Route in Subjects Aged 65 Years and Older

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S764-S764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Jah Chang ◽  
Ya Meng ◽  
Helene Janosczyk ◽  
Victoria Landolfi ◽  
H Keipp Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
B Lineage ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Older adults (≥65 years of age) remain at increased risk of influenza because they do not respond to standard dose influenza vaccines as well as younger adults. A high dose, inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine, IIV3-HD, containing four times the antigen content (60 µg hemagglutinin per influenza strain) of standard-dose influenza vaccines has been available in the United States since 2010. Two distinct B influenza lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) have co-circulated for over a decade, making it difficult to predict which will predominate the next season. IIV4-HD has been developed to address the frequent influenza B strain mismatches by incorporating a strain from each B lineage. This pivotal Phase III study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of IIV4-HD as compared with two IIV3-HD vaccines. Method A randomized, modified double-blind, multicenter study (NCT03282240) was conducted in 2670 healthy subjects in the United States, who were randomly assigned to receive IIV4-HD, a licensed IIV3-HD, or an IIV3-HD with the alternate B influenza strain. Using the hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) assay at baseline and 28 days after vaccination, post-vaccination geometric mean titers and seroconversion rates were measured. Safety data were collected through 6 months post-vaccination. Result IIV4-HD was noninferior to the licensed IIV3-HD and the investigational IIV3-HD (containing the alternate B strain) for all four influenza strains as assessed by HAI GMTs and seroconversion rates. Moreover, IIV4-HD induced a superior immune response (HAI GMTs and seroconversion rates) compared with the immune response induced by the IIV3-HD that does not contain the corresponding B strain. Reactogenicity profiles were comparable across all study groups. Most unsolicited adverse events were of Grade 1 or Grade 2 intensity. One serious adverse event considered related by the Investigator was reported in the IIV4-HD group. Conclusion Vaccination of adults 65 years of age and older with IIV4-HD was found to be noninferior to two IIV3-HD vaccines with a similar safety profile. The addition of a second B lineage strain does not adversely affect the safety or immunogenicity profile of IIV4-HD compared with IIV3-HD. Disclosures L. J. Chang, Sanofi Pasteur: Employee, Salary. Y. Meng, Sanofi Pasteur: Employee, Salary. H. Janosczyk, Sanofi Pasteur: Employee, Salary. V. Landolfi, Sanofi Pasteur: Employee, Salary. H. K. Talbot, Sanofi Pasteur: Investigator, Research grant. Gilead: Investigator, Research grant. MedImmune: Investigator, Research grant. Vaxinnate: Safety Board, none. Seqirus: Safety Board, none.

scholarly journals 150. Relative Effectiveness of High-Dose and Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine Against Influenza-Related Hospitalization Among Older Adults—United States, 2015–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S10-S10
Author(s):  
Joshua Doyle ◽  
Lauren Beacham ◽  
Elif Alyanak ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality, and older adults are disproportionately affected. Newer vaccines have been developed for use in people 65 years and older, including a trivalent inactivated vaccine with a 4-fold higher dose of antigen (IIV-HD). In recent years, the use of IIV-HD has increased sufficiently to evaluate its effectiveness compared with standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV-SD). Methods Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness were enrolled in an observational vaccine effectiveness study at 8 hospitals in 4 states participating in the United States Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 influenza seasons. Predominant influenza A virus subtypes were H1N1 and H3N2, respectively, during these seasons. All enrolled patients were tested for influenza virus with polymerase chain reaction. Receipt and type of influenza vaccine was determined from electronic records and chart review. Odds of laboratory-confirmed influenza were compared among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Relative odds of laboratory-confirmed influenza were determined for patients who received IIV-HD or IIV-SD, and adjusted for potential confounding variables via logistic regression. Results Among 1,744 enrolled patients aged ≥ 65 years, 1,105 (63%) were vaccinated; among those vaccinated, 621 (56%) received IIV-HD and 484 (44%) received IIV-SD. Overall, 315 (18%) tested positive for influenza, including 97 (6%) who received IIV-HD, 86 (5%) who received IIV-SD, and 132 (8%) who were unvaccinated. Controlling for age, race, sex, enrollment site, date of illness, index of comorbidity, and influenza season, the adjusted odds of influenza among patients vaccinated with IIV-HD vs. IIV-SD were 0.72 (P = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.01). Conclusion Comparison of high-dose vs. standard-dose vaccine effectiveness during 2 recent influenza seasons (1 H1N1 and 1 H3N2-predominant) suggested relative benefit (nonsignificant) of high-dose influenza vaccine in protecting against influenza-associated hospitalization among persons aged 65 years and older; additional years of data are needed to confirm this finding. Disclosures H. K. Talbot, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Research grant. Gilead: Investigator, Research grant. MedImmune: Investigator, Research grant. Vaxinnate: Safety Board, none. Seqirus: Safety Board, none.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2016–2017 Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1798-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Flannery ◽  
Jessie R Chung ◽  
Arnold S Monto ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
Edward A Belongia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States during the 2015–2016 Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 377 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Jackson ◽  
Jessie R. Chung ◽  
Lisa A. Jackson ◽  
C. Hallie Phillips ◽  
Joyce Benoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

scholarly journals A Real-World Clinical and Economic Analysis of Cell-derived Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Compared to Standard Egg-derived Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines During the 2019-20 Influenza Season in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Divino ◽  
Vamshi Ruthwik Anupindi ◽  
Mitch DeKoven ◽  
Joaquin Mould-Quevedo ◽  
Stephen I Pelton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

Abstract Background Cell-derived influenza vaccines are not subject to egg adaptive mutations that have potential to decrease vaccine effectiveness. This retrospective analysis estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4c) compared to standard egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (IIV4e) among recipients aged 4-64 years in the US during the 2019-20 influenza season. Methods The IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus administrative claims database was utilized. Study outcomes were assessed post-vaccination through the end of the study period (March 7, 2020). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was implemented to adjust for covariate imbalance. Adjusted rVE against influenza-related hospitalizations/emergency room (ER) visits and other clinical outcomes was estimated through IPTW-weighted Poisson regression models for the IIV4c and IIV4e cohorts and for the subgroup with ≥1 high-risk condition. Sensitivity analyses modifying the outcome assessment period as well as a doubly-robust analysis were also conducted. IPTW-weighted generalized linear models were used to estimate predicted annualized all-cause costs. Results The final sample comprised 1,138,969 IIV4c and 3,926,357 IIV4e recipients following IPTW adjustment. IIV4c was more effective in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations/ER visits as well as respiratory-related hospitalizations/ER visits compared to IIV4e. IIV4c was also more effective for the high-risk subgroup and across the sensitivity analyses. IIV4c was also associated with significantly lower annualized all-cause total costs compared to IIV4e (-$467), driven by lower costs for outpatient medical services and inpatient hospitalizations. Conclusions IIV4c was significantly more effective in preventing influenza-related hospitalizations/ER visits compared to IIV4e and was associated with significantly lower all-cause costs.

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