Robots, skill demand and manufacturing in US regional labour markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancey Green Leigh ◽  
Benjamin Kraft ◽  
Heonyeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manufacturing Employment ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Job Postings

Abstract Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) technology have spurred a re-examination of technology’s impacts on jobs and the economy. This article reviews several key contributions to the current jobs/AI debate, discusses their limitations and offers a modified approach, analysing two quantitative models in tandem. One uses robot stock data from the International Federation of Robotics as the primary indicator of robot use, whereas the other uses online job postings requiring robot-related skills. Together, the models suggest that since the Great Recession ended, robots have contributed positively to manufacturing employment in the USA at the metropolitan level.

scholarly journals Financialization at a watershed in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Lapavitsas ◽  
Ivan Mendieta-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Mortgage Debt ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Usa

In the period following the Great Recession of 2007–2009 the financialization of the US economy reached a watershed characterized by stagnant financial profits, falling proportions of financial sector and mortgage debt, and rising proportion of public debt. The main macroeconomic indicators of financialization in the USA show structural breaks that can be dated around the period of the Great Recession. The reliance of households on the formal financial system appears to have weakened for the first time since the early 1980s. The financial sector has lacked the dynamism of the previous three decades, becoming more reliant on government. The state has increased its own indebtedness and supported large financial institutions via unconventional monetary policy measures. At the same time, state intervention has tightened the regulatory framework for big banks. The future path of financialization in the USA will depend heavily on government policy with regard to state debt and financial regulation, although the scope for boosting financialization is narrow.

Exceptionalism's Exceptions: The Changing American Narrative

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Levering Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Private Profit

Seven years after 9/11, the American way of life was again shaken to its foundation by the Great Recession of 2008. The logic of an unregulated market economy produced its predetermined result. The American middle class, the historic protagonist of the American narrative, became an endangered species. Against a bleak backdrop of indebtedness, unemployment, and rapid decline in traditional jobs and in the affordability of the essentials of health and education stands the stark wealth of the top 1 percent of Americans. With the vital center no longer holding and consensus fraying, 53 percent of the electorate wagered in 2008 that it could deny race by affirming its non-importance and thereby audaciously reinvigorate the exceptionalist narrative. The choice before us, however, is still much the same as that posited by W.E.B. Du Bois when he described two antithetical versions of the American narrative: one was based on “freedom, intelligence and power for all men; the other was industry for private profit directed by an autocracy determined at any price to amass wealth and power.”

scholarly journals Workers’ EU political alignments during the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Freire ◽  
Luís Cabrita ◽  
Mariana Carmo Duarte ◽  
Hugo Ferrinho Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Election Study ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Political Alignments ◽  
European Election ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Using data from the European Election Study 2014, this article focuses on workers’ EU political alignments during the Great Recession. It deals with two research questions. First, how does the attitude of (manual) workers towards the EU compare to that of the middle and upper classes in the aftermath of the Great Recession? Second, when it comes to workers’ support for the EU, are there systematic differences between countries affected by the crisis? The article finds that, on the one hand, in terms of patterns of workers’ EU political alignments, there are no systematic differences between countries affected to varying degrees by the Great Recession. On the other hand, workers still feel fundamentally detached from the EU, especially when it comes to the manual workers. However, high levels of generalised detachment from the EU are not clearly translated into preferences for Eurosceptic parties, since there are high levels of vote fragmentation.

scholarly journals The Role of Migration as Adjustment Mechanism in the Crisis and EMU

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Huber
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
The Eu

Using ELFS data from 2004 to 2014 we analyse labour migration as an adjustment mechanism to asymmetric regional labour demand shocks shortly before, during and after the Great Recession in the EU. The results suggest that in this period migration was rather responsive to regional economic conditions, but also point to a substantial heterogeneity across demographic groups, periods and country groups. The mobility of high‑skilled persons and foreign born contributed much more strongly to the adjustment of labour markets than the migration of less‑skilled and natives. Furthermore, among the large integration steps from 2004 to 2014 (i.e., the accession of 12 countries to the EU and the successive liberalisation of immigration from the countries joining the EU after 2004 and Euro accession) mainly the EU‑enlargements worked to improve the adjustment capability of European labour markets through migration.

scholarly journals The scarcity of worker cooperatives in the USA: enquiring into possible causes

2018 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sofia Arana Landin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
York City ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Worker Cooperatives ◽  
State And Local

Even though the access of workers to capital has been promoted in some countries for over centuries, Governments and public bodies have started to promote it worldwide, as in previous occasions, more particularly as an aftermath of the Great Recession, usually in the form of worker cooperatives.However, workers’ access to capital in the USA in the form of worker cooperatives is still surprisingly rare. We cannot find any recent public policies at a federal level in order to promote them and the old ones that exist remain mostly obsolete and unknown. Only at a state and local level, we find in the latest years a series of actions directed to achieve this goal, as in the case of New York City, where there is an important budget to promote the access of workers to capital more particularly after 2012 and, among others, worker cooperatives are being formed.The purpose of this paper is to enquire about the possible causes of the scarce number of worker cooperatives in the USA as the only way of offering solutions comes from understanding the causes.

USA Child Poverty: The Impact of the Great Recession

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wimer ◽  
Timothy M. Smeeding
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measure ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The Great Recession (GR) was the most dramatic economic downturn the USA has experienced in more than six decades. But against this backdrop, the USA actually made some limited progress against child poverty over the Great Recession when one considers the new US Supplemental Poverty Measure which lies at about 40 per cent of median income. The main reason was the growth of a well-targeted near cash safety net, combined with earnings enhancements in the form of refundable tax credits. These enhancements helped the working poor, but not many parents of children who could not find jobs. However these improvements had little if any effect on relative poverty counted at a European or cross-national relative poverty standard set at 60 per cent of median income. Greater progress against child poverty in the US requires a continued strong job market coupled with a child allowance.

scholarly journals Adolescent adaptation before, during and in the aftermath of the Great Recession in the USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson ◽  
Jeremy Staff ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Usa
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