Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Jacobs ◽  
R J Henry ◽  
M Segalove
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Fair Agreement ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Acetone Precipitation ◽  
Discrepant Result ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract Tests for total bilirubin on 10 icteric sera by 5 diazo procedures and a spectrophotometric method showed fair agreement with most samples but an occasional grossly discrepant result. Results for free and conjugated bilirubin by diazo methods, acetone precipitation, and extraction of serum with ethyl acetate and chloroform were widely discrepant. Problems in documentation of accuracy of such procedures are discussed. It is concluded that unavailability of reference standards of bilirubin conjugates poses a serious obstacle to solution of the analytical problems.

Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G W Stevenson ◽  
S L Jacobs ◽  
R J Henry
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Single Tube ◽  
Chloroform Layer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract The absorbance at 450 mµ of serum diluted with acidified ethylene glycol is used as a measure of the serum's total bilirubin content in a single-tube, single-extraction method for rapid determination of free and total bilirubin in 0.1 ml. of serum. With the addition of chloroform, free bilirubin is extracted into the chloroform but conjugated bilirubin remains in the ethylene glycol. Free bilirubin is determined from the absorbance at 450 mµ in the chloroform layer. Conjugated bilirubin is calculated from the difference. Absorbance readings at 520 mµ compensate for the absorbance at 450 mµ, due to hemoglobin in the serum. Comparison with the Malloy-Evelyn procedure showed equivalent levels of total but higher levels of conjugated bilirubin.

Characterization of sulfasalazine's interference in the measurement of conjugated bilirubin by the Ektachem slide method.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1760-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Franquemont ◽  
J L Sutphen ◽  
D A Herold ◽  
D E Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Film Analyzer ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract We describe the cases of four patients who were taking sulfasalazine for inflammatory bowel disease, whose conjugated bilirubin concentrations in serum exceeded their corresponding total bilirubin concentrations as measured with a multilayer film analyzer, the Ektachem 400. Sulfasalazine added to pooled human serum at therapeutic concentrations increased the apparent conjugated bilirubin, as measured with the Ektachem, in a linear and dose-related fashion. Measured unconjugated bilirubin was simultaneously decreased to values less than -3 mg/L. The same interference occurred on the Ektachem 700, but an algorithm prevented the instrument from reporting the results. The major metabolites of sulfasalazine in blood did not interfere with analysis for those fractions of bilirubin. Sulfasalazine's strong absorbance at 400 nm explains its interference with determination of conjugated bilirubin in this instrument.

Modification of the DuPont aca as exemplified by a new procedure for neonatal total bilirubin.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839-1841
Author(s):  
A D Fraser ◽  
A L Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Manual Method

Abstract Hemoglobin interferes with determination of total bilirubin by the diazo procedure with the DuPont aca. We compared results by that procedure with those by a manual direct spectrophotometric two-wavelength method. Because the manual method was not inhibited by hemolysis as was the DuPont aca diazo procedure, we reprogrammed our DuPont aca to measure the absorbance of diluted serum samples at 452 and 577 nm with use of DuPont absorbance packs as the sample pack and cuvette. Results correlated well with those by the manual spectrophotometric method, and hemolysis no longer interfered. The method is primarily intended for use with serum from neonates.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyclamate in Foods: NMKL Collaborative Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-590
Author(s):  
Anna-Maija K Sjoberg ◽  
Timo A Alanko
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Acidic Aqueous Solution ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract A spectrophotometric method for the determination of cyclamate was collaboratively studied in 9 laboratories. Ethyl acetate is added to extract cyclamate from acidic aqueous solution into water, and the cyclamate is then quantitatively converted to /V,./V-dichlorocyclohexylamine by adding excess hypochlorite. A',A'-Dichlorocyclohexylamine is determined by measuring its UV absorption at 314 nm. Six samples, 3 soft drinks with cyclamate levels of 0.36-0.47 g/kg and 3 jams with levels of 1.23-1.50 g/kg, were included in the study. Average recoveries of cyclamate were 99.7% in the soft drinks and 103.8% in the jams. Reproducibility coefficients of variation were 6.7% for the soft drinks and 4.4% for the jams.

Comparison of the Weber-Schalm Method with the Ducci-Watson Modification of the Malloy-Evelyn Method for Serum Bilirubin Determination

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Vincent Perrelli ◽  
C J Watson
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Unconjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract Unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and mixtures of various proportions of each were dissolved in depigmented human serum. These, together with normal and pathologic native human sera, were analyzed for conjugated, unconjugated, and total bilirubin by the Weber-Schalm method. Results were compared with the determination of "prompt direct reacting bilirubin" and of total bilirubin by the Ducci-Watson modification of the Malloy-Evelyn method. Comparisons show that the Weber-Schalm method more accurately measures conjugated bilirubin concentrations in serum in which the bilirubin is mostly conjugated, but that it gives falsely high values for unconjugated bilirubin in serum in which more of the bilirubin is in the unconjugated form. The two methods gave statistically identical total bilirubin values for the native serum tested. A method is described for correcting the unduly low values for prompt, direct reacting bilirubin in terms of percentage of conjugated bilirubin.

scholarly journals Development of Method for Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(III) with 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene Carboxaldehyde Phenyl Hydrazone as an Analytical Reagent

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ratnamala P. Sonawane ◽  
R.S. Lokhande ◽  
Utkarsha M. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Coloured Complex ◽  
Analytical Reagent

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Fe(III) using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene carboxaldehyde phenyl hydrazone as an extractive reagent. The reagent forms a coloured complex, which has been quantitatively extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 6. The method obeys Beer’s law over arrange from 1 to 7 ppm. The Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 0.31 × 104 L mol-1cm-1 and 0.13 μg cm-2 respectively. The proposed method is very sensitive and selective. The method has been successfully applied to synthetic and commercial samples.

scholarly journals A NEW DIAZO REAGENT FOR SPECIFIC STAINING OF CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN IN TISSUE SECTIONS

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. DESMET ◽  
A.-M. BULLENS ◽  
J. DE GROOTE ◽  
K. P. M. HEIRWEGH
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Bile Pigments ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Cryostat Sections ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

A new technique is presented for the specific histochemical demonstration of conjugated bilirubin in tissue sections, using the diazonium salt of ethylanthranilate. The specificity of this method was proved by using test materials and cholestatic tissue sections. There was no diffusion artifact under the prescribed working conditions. The method is applicable to fresh cryostat sections and frozen sections of cold, formol-calcium-fixed tissues. The method could not be satisfactorily applied for the staining of total bilirubin. The method using 2,4-dichloraniline remains the best available technique for the histochemical demonstration of total bilirubin, while the technique with ethylanthranilate proves to be the most specific method available for the demonstration of conjugated bile pigments.

The Ektachem clinical chemistry slide for simultaneous determination of unconjugated and sugar-conjugated bilirubin.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Wu ◽  
G M Dappen ◽  
R W Spayd ◽  
M W Sundberg ◽  
D M Powers
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Abstract Using dual-wavelength spectrometry, we have refined the mordant-based bilirubin slide method (Clin Chem 28:2366-2372, 1982) to co-detect unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) and its sugar conjugates (Bc) in 10 microL of serum. The assay is based on three principles: (a) mono- and diconjugated bilirubins behave spectrally like one fraction (Bc) when bound to the mordant, (b) Bu and Bc are spectrally distinct, and (c) B delta (the bilirubin-albumin complex) is not measured in the film. With known bilirubin mixtures, results by the assay agree with those by nuclear magnetic resonance, by a Jendrassik-Gróf method for total bilirubin, and by a liquid-chromatographic procedure. With patients' sera, the slide correlates with a liquid-chromatography-augmented Jendrassik-Gróf method, according to the following typical regression statistics (in mumol/L): for Bu, slope = 0.992, r = 0.996, intercept = -0.376, Sy X x = 5.08; for Bc, slope = 0.970, r = 0.985, intercept = -0.735, Sy X x = 8.16. The method is precise (for Bu, CV = 5.2% at an average concentration of 16.4 mumol/L, and 4.1% at 66.7 mumol/L; for Bc, CV = 6.5% at 23.4 mumol/L, and 3.8% at 151.7 mumol/L for pools of patients' sera), is relatively interference free, and has potential for extension to further applications.

scholarly journals Microdetermination of Palladium(II) using 6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-(2′-thienyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602
Author(s):  
N. Kaur ◽  
N. Agnihotri ◽  
U. Berar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Trace Determination

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective extractive spectrophotometric method is developed for the trace determination of palladium(II) from NaHCO3 medium using 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-2- (2′-thienyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (CHMTB) as a colouring agent. The proposed metal complex can be quantitatively extracted into ethyl acetate and absorbs maximum in the wavelength range 415-426 nm. The 1:1 yellow complex obeys linearity over the Pd(II) concentration range of 0-2.6 μg mL-1; the correlation coefficient being 0.9998. The molar annihilation coefficient and Sandell′s sensitivity when applying spectrophotometric determination at 420 nm, were 6.173 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0017 μg Pd(II) cm-2, respectively. The proposed method is free from the interference of Os(VIII), Cr(VI), Mo(VI), V(V), Nb(V), Ce(IV), Se(IV), Zr(IV), Pt(IV), Ru(III), Ir(III) and Fe(III) . The method was effectively applied to the determination of Pd(II) in various samples including palladium charcoal catalyst and water

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