A Bubble-gating Flow Cell for Continuous-flow Analysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Habig ◽  
B W Schlein ◽  
L Walters ◽  
R E Thiers
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Rate Method

Abstract A system is described which permits measurements, such as photometry, to be made on air-segmented streams, as in continuous-flow analysis. Elimination of the "debubbler" step before measurement provides two basic assets: (1) more rapid attainment of steady-state conditions (lower interaction between samples), and (2) maintenance of the integrity of the bubbled analysis stream, permitting subsequent handling and remeasurement. A device has been developed for detecting air bubbles. When placed across the light path of a photometer flow cell it inactivates the readout system when bubbles pass by. The resulting system measures the transmittance of each individual liquid segment of the analysis stream, while maintaining the integrity of the stream. Two examples of possible applications of this system are described. One is a simple total-protein determination with biuret, at three times the conventional sampling rate. The other is a continuous-flow, two-point, reaction-rate method for assay of alkaline phosphatase activity.

Spectrophotometric micro method for measurement of dialyzable calcium by use of cresolphthalein complexone and continuous-flow analysis.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Toffaletti ◽  
K Kirvan
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Routine Measurement ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis

Abstract We adapted a method for dialyzable calcium from fluorometric detection by use of calcein to a more specific spectrophotometric determination with cresolphthalein complexone. The reagents are available commercially and perform satisfactorily with respect to noise level, drift, stability, and sensitivity. Construction of the continuous-flow manifold with commercially available components (injection blocks, coils, and dialyzer) and the use of a 9-mm pathlength flow cell in an AutoAnalyzer I colorimeter have permitted a sampling rate of 70/h, and decreased the volume of serum required to 130 microL. A comparison of 71 sera analyzed by the present and the calcein method gave means of 1.39 (SD 0.14) and 1.39 (SD 0.13) mmol/L, respectively. The regression equation was: present method = 1.016 calcein--0.022 mmol/L (r = 0.97). The CV for the new method, as determined from 46 randomized duplicate analyses, was < 1%. The reference interval, as evaluated from results for 93 different individuals, was 1.26-1.43 mmol/L. We conclude that our methods is an improvement with respect to noise level, drift, specificity, detectability, and more general availability of instrumentation. Moreover, the smaller sample volume required makes possible the routine measurement of dialyzable calcium in pediatric samples.

Discrepancies in measurement of aspartate aminotransferase by continuous-flow analysis.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2086-2088
Author(s):  
P West
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis

Abstract I compared results for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) obtained with a reaction-rate analyzer (LKB 2086 Mark Two), based on IFCC methodology, and a continuous-flow analyzer (the Technicon SMA 2) for 115 patients' sera and seven commercial quality-control sera. The data from the SMA 2 showed a clear positive bias in those sera with activities exceeding 40 U/L (the upper limit of the reference range). Independent data to support the bias of the SMA 2 and other continuous-flow analyzer systems are presented. Application of a correction factor to the SMA 2 data above the upper limit of the range significantly decreased this bias. Failure to apply such a factor to data obtained from continuous-flow analyzers could lead to serious clinical misinterpretation.

Reaction Rate Measurement of Multiple Enzyme Samples by Continuous Flow Analysis

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold H Brown ◽  
Mary R Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis

Abstract A simple technic to adapt the advantages of continuous flow analysis to the kinetic assay of multiple enzyme samples is described. It will permit adequate standardization by primary or secondary standards run through the entire analysis of those procedures that do not exhibit spontaneous changes in light absorption or fluorescence with time. The adaptation of the Kind-King method for alkaline phosphatase (1) to this technic is given to demonstrate the superiority of such a system over single-point enzyme assays.

Bubble-through flow cell for rapid continuous-flow analysis with ion-selective electrodes

1992 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Boržitsky ◽  
A.V. Dvinin ◽  
O.M. Petrukhin ◽  
Yu.I. Urusov
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Through Flow
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