Serum Protein Analysis by Electrophoresis and by the Wolfson-Cohn Chemical Method

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Eriksen ◽  
Lester D Ellerbrook ◽  
Stuart W Lippincott
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract One hundred serum specimens from healthy and diseased adults were analyzed for the major protein constituents by free electrophoresis and by the Wolfson-Cohn chemical method. Albumin values obtained by the two methods were well correlated and were also in good average numerical agreement. The γ-globulin values were well correlated, but were not in quite such good numerical agreement, on a percentage basis, as were the albumin values. The α-globulin values were poorly correlated, as were also the β-globulin values. Electrophoretic examination of some of the chemical fractions indicated that part of the discrepancy between the two methods was caused by faulty chemical fractionation, particularly with respect to the globulin fractions. Determination of total solids retained by a dialysis membrane (TS) in 22 serum specimens confirmed the proportionality between TS and the electrophoretic-pattern area, and emphasized a source of error of undetermined magnitude in the calculation of electrophoretic results from simple protein totals.

scholarly journals Serum proteins and their diagnostic utility in veterinary medicine: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 475-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tothova ◽  
O. Nagy ◽  
G. Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Protein Determination

The evaluation of serum proteins and their electrophoretic pattern is a well-established laboratory method in the diagnosis of many diseases in humans, which has replaced the biochemical determination of the concentrations of albumin and the ratio of albumin to globulins. The measurement of serum proteins may be an important diagnostic tool for the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of various diseases and pathological processes. The results of serum protein electrophoresis can be one of the most useful diagnostic aids in a wide spectrum of diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, renal or gastrointestinal disorders, immunodeficiency states, as well as paraproteinaemias caused by lymphoid or plasma cell neoplasia. Although many studies have been carried out to determine the usefulness of the determination of serum proteins and their electrophoretic pattern in various disease conditions and disorders also in animals, serum protein evaluation is still a relatively little-used diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine. In this article, methods of serum protein determination, their diagnostic utility in animal care practice and their different patterns in dysproteinaemias and paraproteinaemias are reviewed.

A CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF 2-HYDROXYOESTRONE IN HUMAN URINE

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S110
Author(s):  
H. P. Gelbke ◽  
R. Knuppen
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Chemical Method

Optimization of Extraction Parameters of Reverse Iontophoretic Determination of Blood Glucose in an Artificial Skin Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Cigdem Yengin ◽  
Emrah Kilinc ◽  
Fatma Gulay Der ◽  
Mehmet Can Sezgin ◽  
Ilayda Alcin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Background: Reverse İontophoresis (RI) is one of the promising non-invasive technologies. It relies on the transition of low magnitude current through the skin and thus glucose measurement becomes possible as it is extracted from the surface during this porter current flow. Objective: This paper deals with the development and optimization of an RI determination method for glucose. CE dialysis membrane based artificial skin model was developed and the dependence of RI extraction on various experimental parameters was investigated. Method: Dependence of RI extraction performance on noble electrodes (platinum, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium) was checked with CA, CV and DPV, in a wide pH and ionic strength range. Optimizations on inter-electrode distance, potential type and magnitude, extraction time, gel type, membrane MWCO, usage frequency, pretreatment, artificial body fluids were performed. Results: According to the optimized results, the inter-electrode distance was 7.0 mm and silver was the optimum noble metal. Optimum pH and ionic strength were achieved with 0.05M PBS at pH 7.4. Higher glucose yields were obtained with DPV, while CA and CV achieved almost the same levels. During CA, +0.5V achieved the highest glucose yield and higher potential even caused a decrease. Glucose levels could be monitored for 24 hours. CMC gel was the optimum collection media. Pretreated CE membrane with 12kD MWCO was the artificial skin model. Pretreatment affected the yields while its condition caused no significant difference. Except PBS solution (simulated as artificial plasma), among the various artificial simulated body fluids, intestinal juice formulation (AI) and urine formulation U2 were the optimum extraction media, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, various experimental parameters (pretereatment procedure, type and MWCO values of membranes, inter-electrode distance, electrode material, extraction medium solvents, ionic strength and pH, collection medium gel type, extraction potential type and magnitude, extraction time and etc) were optimized for the non-invasive RI determination of glucose in a CE dialysis membrane-based artificial skin model and various simulated artificial body fluids.

scholarly journals A CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

1947 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
B.L. Hutchings ◽  
E.L.R. Stokstad ◽  
J.H. Boothe ◽  
J.H. Mowat ◽  
C.W. Waller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Related Compounds

CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: CLINICAL VALUE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF THE SERUM PROTEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Charlotte Marker Zitrin ◽  
Paraskevi Tsouros ◽  
Enriqueta Melly
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Tuberculous Disease

The blood serum protein fractions of 138 children with tuberculosis were analyzed by paper electrophoresis serially over a period of many months. Many manifestations of tuberculous infection were studied. The group was divided into 11 categories ranging from healed or arrested tuberculous disease to various stages of activity. The serum protein fractions were evaluated in terms of prognosis, type of tuberculous disease, effect of intercurrent infection and age of patient. It was found that the greatest changes occurred in the gamma-globulin and albumin fractions in reciprocal relation. With the exception of tuberculous meningitis, the increase in gamma-globulin usually corresponded to the severity of disease. Albumin was correspondingly decreased, and was low even in tuberculous meningitis. Both fractions approached normal levels as the patients improved. Relatively normal readings were found in patients with tuberculosis observation or arrested tuberculosis. The greatest deviation from normal was seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis and those with pleurisy with effusion. Here, the gamma and alpha2-globulins were very high and the serum albumin was low. The alpha2 fraction was elevated in the children with more severe disease, including tuberculous meningitis; with clinical improvement it returned to normal more rapidly than the gamma. A rise in the beta-globulin fraction suggests caseation. Confirmatory evidence was obtained in patients with endobronchial disease, tuberculous adenitis and from the only necropsy in the series. The significant changes in the various fractions are further described and discussed.

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