Critical appraisal of two methods for determining aluminum in blood samples

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Hewitt ◽  
K Winborne ◽  
D Margrey ◽  
J R Nicholson ◽  
M G Savory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Matrix Modifier ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Drug Studies

Abstract We report two methods for determining aluminum concentrations in blood. Method 1, proposed for routine monitoring of patients with chronic renal failure, includes a collection procedure that can be adopted by any renal dialysis unit, with a minimum of sample contamination. Plasma samples are diluted fourfold with HNO3/Triton X-100 matrix modifier. Method 2 is proposed for determining aluminum concentrations in patients with normal renal function, e.g., in drug studies and environmental monitoring. Samples are diluted with an equal volume of Mg(NO3)2 matrix modifier and atomized from a L'vov platform. By either method, analytical recovery of aluminum added to serum ranged between 92% and 105% throughout the linear calibration range. The reference interval (mean +/- SD) for aluminum in 22 healthy subjects by method 2 was 0.044 +/- 0.030 mumol/L.

Improved determination of aluminum in serum and urine with use of a stabilized temperature platform furnace.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Y Leung ◽  
A R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Reference Interval ◽  
Matrix Interference ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Standard Additions ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract This method for determining aluminum in serum and urine is essentially free from matrix interference and gives a linear response with concentration to at least 500 micrograms/l. Use of a stabilized temperature platform (L'vov platform, Perkin-Elmer Corp.) to approach a "steady-state" temperature, addition of matrix modifiers [especially Mg(NO3)2], and the use of peak area integration all helped substantially diminish spectral interference. With the platform furnace, serum protein concentrations as great as 260 g/L did not interfere with the determination of Al. The within- and between-assay precision (CV) was less than or equal to 3.5% and less than or equal to 7.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery of Al added to serum ranged between 95 and 101% throughout the linear calibration range (to 500 micrograms/L), either when measured directly from the standard curve or by the method of standard additions. The reference interval for Al in 28 healthy subjects was 2-14 micrograms/L (mean 6.5, SD 4.1 micrograms/L), and for 130 patients on hemodialysis, 20-550 micrograms/L (mean 87.5, SD 62.5 micrograms/L).

Health Care for South Lebanon's Civilian Population Following the June 1982 War

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
T.H. Tulchinsky ◽  
Yakov Adler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
South Lebanon

AbstractFollowing the June 1982 war in South Lebanon, the Israel Ministry of Health sent a medical team to assess health conditions in the area, to assist in the restoration of local health services, and to provide additional medical assistance as needed in public health and specialized medical services. For the approximately 600,000 population of the area, public health sanitary conditions were restored by local authorities, with some external assistance. Sanitation and housing for the refugee camp populations were difficult to solve because of extensive damage in the camps; but United Nations activities, supported by international and Israeli sources, were effective. Epidemic conditions did not occur. Monitoring for specific infectious diseases showed increases not exceeding usual summer conditions. Child nutrition status was satisfactory. Medical needs for specialty services, not available in South Lebanon, were arranged through screening and referral to Israeli hospitals. Renal dialysis needs were met by establishing a dialysis unit using local personnel in a damaged and non-functioning government hospital. Private medical and hospital services, the bulk of health care in the area, functioned except for minor dislocations throughout the war and post-war period. Israeli medical aid, managed by a small multidisciplinary team, was designed to assist and, where necessary, augment rather than replace local health services.

Addition of triglyceride to serum for use in quality control and reference.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Bonderman ◽  
G J Proksch ◽  
P W Bonderman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin Solution ◽  
Albumin Solution ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Triton X

Abstract We describe a simple method in which a water-soluble mixture of triocatanoin and a surfactant, "Triton X-114," are used in preparing solutions of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) in either human serum, solutions of albumin, or water. Analytical recovery added triglyceride was quantitative by two methods. The addition did not affect results of analyses for 18 other commonly measured constitutents of serum. When the triglyceride was added to either lipid-depleted human serum or bovine serum albumin solution and lyophilized, subsequent solutions were clear. The triglyceride/protein preparation was stable in lyophilized form for a year and in reconstituted serum for five days at 5 degrees C. Aquenous solutions appear to be stable indefinitely at room temperature.

C-terminal parathyrin (parathyroid hormone) radioimmunoassay in serum with commercially available reagents.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1666-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Simon ◽  
J Cuan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Antibody Affinity ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Working Standard ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Chloramine T

Abstract We describe a sequential double-antibody assay for measuring C-terminal parathyrin in serum with commercially available reagents. Intact bovine hormone, used as a working standard, is iodinated by conventional Chloramine T procedures. The antibody affinity is characteristic of high affinity binding (1.4 to 1.6 x 10(10) L/mol of intact parathyrin). The antibody also cross reacts with a C-terminal parathyrin fragment (amino acids 53-84) but not with a synthetic N-terminal parathyrin fragment (amino acids 1-34). The assay thus also measures both a C-terminal fragment of parathyrin and the intact hormone. The detection limit (250 ng/L; 500 int. units/L) is below the reference interval for healthy adults (430-1860 ng/L; 860-3720 int. units/L). Several commonly recognized problems with iodinated parathyrin are eliminated and accuracy and precision of the procedures for standard preparation and calibration are improved. Overall CV (between-run imprecision) is 10-17%. Analytical recovery is 80-90%, and C-terminal parathyrin measured in fresh sera and in sera stored for seven days at 30 degrees C is equivalent.

Digoxin-like immunoreactivity eliminated from serum by centrifugal ultrafiltration before fluorescence polarization immunoassay of digoxin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Christenson ◽  
S D Studenberg ◽  
S Beck-Davis ◽  
F A Sedor
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

Abstract Digoxin determined in the Abbott "TDx" by fluorescence polarization immunoassay by the manufacturer's recommended method involving precipitation of protein with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) is subject to interference from endogenous compounds having digoxin-like immunoreactivity. Guided by the work of Graves et al. (Clin Chem 1986;32:1506-9), we eliminated interference caused by digoxin-like immunoreactivity by substituting ultrafiltration for precipitation with SSA to remove protein. Using the manufacturer's method, we quantified digoxin in serum from 53 patients in three clinically defined groups who were receiving no digoxin, finding apparent digoxin in excess of the 200 ng/L detection limit in 24% of the 17 pregnant women, 59% of the 17 renal-dialysis patients, and all of 19 neonatal cord-blood samples examined. No measurable digoxin immunoreactivity was observed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay for any of the 53 clinically defined patients after removal of protein by ultrafiltration. For 22 men for whom digoxin was prescribed, digoxin measurement after protein removal by SSA and by ultrafiltration correlated well (r = 0.98), with good proportionality (slope = 1.04). Analytical recovery of added digoxin from adulterated serum was 115% after SSA, but 100% after ultrafiltration. Thus, before this assay procedure, we recommend ultrafiltration, to remove digoxin-like interference.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospirosis in Suspected High Risk Sudanese Patients; A Pilot Exploratory Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisal Mustafa Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
Nada Abdelghani Abdelrahim
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Renal Dialysis ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Abstract BackgroundThe extent of leptospirosis is unknown in Sudan and it might be mistaken for other more common febrile infectious diseases. Leptospirosis might also be associated with renal diseases that are common in Sudan. We intended to explore the existence of human leptospirosis in suspected high risk patients in Khartoum, Sudan, via sero-screening random febrile patients and those undergoing renal dialysis.MethodsThis is a pilot exploratory study that was conducted in 6 months period from April to September of 2013. Hospitals were selected conveniently following a non-random sampling approach. A total of 119 febrile patients (with or without definitive diagnosis) and patients under renal dialysis were included and their serum specimens, clinical and demographic data were collected. Sera were screened qualitatively for the existence of anti-leptospiral IgM antibodies using rapid lateral flow immunosorbent assay. Ethical clearance and official permissions were obtained.ResultsOut of the total 119 patients, 57 (47.9%) had end stage renal disease and were under dialysis at Renal Dialysis Unit in Asbab Charity Hospital in Bahri, 47 (39.5%), were febrile with unknown origin attending the Tropical Medicine Hospital in Omdurman, and 15 (12.6%) were febrile and were diagnosed as having malaria or typhoid and attended Yastabshiron Medical Centre and Bashauer Teaching Hospital. The overall prevalence of anti-leptospiral IgM antibodies among all 119 screened patients was 7%. The prevalence among the 57 with end stage renal disease was 9%, and among the 47 with fever of unknown origin was 6%. The prevalence among the 15 with fever of known origin (diagnosed as malaria or typhoid) was 0%. Almost all positive patients had recurring episodes of fever, are in close contact with livestock, were farmers and have natural untreated source for drinking water.ConclusionLeptospirosis is probably a common febrile condition and can be easily considered as one of the major causes of chronic kidney disease affecting people in this country. A national sero-screening for leptospirosis among those living in high risk geographical areas and those at occupational risk is highly recommended.

A laboratory and clinical evaluation of an immunochemiluminometric assay of thyrotropin in serum.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2087-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Berry ◽  
P M Clark ◽  
C P Price
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Magnetic Particle ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Particle Separation ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Luminescence Assay ◽  
Assay Time

Abstract We evaluated an immunochemiluminometric assay for human thyrotropin. A chemiluminescent acridinium ester is used as a label, with magnetic-particle separation. The lower limit of detection of the assay (mean + 3 SD of the zero standard) was 0.07 milli-int. unit/L, with a working range of 0.5 to greater than 60.0 milli-int. units/L. Assay accuracy was good as judged from analytical recovery, analysis of external quality-assessment samples, and comparison with an enzyme-amplified immunoassay. There were no significant interferences or cross-reactivities. Twenty-four samples assayed showed aggregation of the magnetic particles. On re-assay, four of these samples showed a significant increase in the measured TSH by the luminescence assay. Assay time for 60 tubes was approximately 3.5 h with the use of a semi-automated luminometer. The reference interval, determined from data on 144 healthy euthyroid subjects, was 0.3-4.0 milli-int. units/L. Sixteen of 19 thyrotoxic patients showed clearly suppressed concentrations of thyrotropin in serum.

Thyrotroph function assessed by sensitive measurement of thyrotropin with three immunoradiometric assay kits: analytical evaluation and comparison with the thyroliberin stimulation test.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
F H Wians ◽  
J M Jacobson ◽  
J Dev ◽  
J I Heald ◽  
G Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Assay Precision

Abstract We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three "sensitive" immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits (Tandem-R TSH HS, Hybritech, Inc.; EchoClonal TSH, Bio-Rad; Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA, Diagnostic Products Corp.) for measurement of thyrotropin (TSH) and compared their performance against a "regular" IRMA (ARIA-HT, Becton-Dickinson) to determine whether these assays might eliminate the need to perform the thyroliberin (TRF) stimulation test. We concluded that the Tandem and EchoClonal kits may obviate the need to perform TRF stimulation tests in some patients. Using only the basal TSH concentration to predict the TSH response to TRF, we found all three sensitive TSH assays to be useful for detecting abnormal thyrotroph function. Dose-response, linearity, analytical recovery, and specificity were acceptable for all kits, but intra-assay precision at very low TSH concentrations and analytical sensitivity differed considerably among the kits. Using the EchoClonal assay, we established a normal reference interval for TSH of 0.4-4.6 milli-int. units/L.

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