Special Collection and Storage Tubes for Blood Endotoxin and Cytokine Measurements

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Redl ◽  
S Bahrami ◽  
G Leichtfried ◽  
G Schlag
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Commercially available blood-collection tubes may be contaminated with endotoxin (315 +/- 95 pg/tube) and could therefore be unsuitable for blood collection for endotoxin measurement. Plasma separation and storage are a potential source of contamination. To avoid contamination and error, we have developed new blood collection tubes that contain heparin free of endotoxin (LPS) and a gel to separate plasma and blood cells. The LPS content is less than 4 pg/tube. Samples can be stored and frozen without plasma withdrawal to preclude contamination. LPS recovery experiments have shown that the new blood-collection tubes do not bind LPS to the separation gel or vial wall. With these tubes, in vitro formation of tumor necrosis factor (404 +/- 163 ng/L in standard tubes vs less than 40 ng/L in special collection tubes) is minimized.

scholarly journals Association of Malaria-Induced Murine Pregnancy Failure with Robust Peripheral and Placental Cytokine Responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 4998-5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayakumar Poovassery ◽  
Julie M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Malarial infection in nonimmune pregnant women is a major risk factor for pregnancy failure. The biological mechanisms that underlie malaria-associated fetal loss, however, are poorly understood. Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection during early pregnancy results in midgestational embryonic loss in naive C57BL/6 mice. To define the immunopathogenesis of this malaria-induced pregnancy compromise, cytokine production in plasma, spleen, and placenta cell culture supernatants during the first 11 days of infection and gestation was studied. In infected pregnant mice, systemic interleukin-1β and both systemic and splenic gamma interferon levels were elevated relative to those in uninfected pregnant mice, and gamma interferon was also robustly produced within the placenta 1 to 2 days before malaria-induced fetal loss. Although circulating tumor necrosis factor production was not affected by pregnancy or infection, circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II was highest in infected pregnant mice, particularly those undergoing abortion, but decreased at the placental level preceding abortion. Systemic levels of interleukin-10 were also high in infected mice at this time point, but this cytokine was not detected at the placental level. Histological examination revealed that trophoblast giant cells of aborting mice phagocytosed infected red blood cells and hemozoin. Furthermore, in vitro-cultured trophoblast cells isolated from embryos on day 7 of gestation phagocytosed P. chabaudi AS-infected red blood cells and secreted tumor necrosis factor. These results suggest that systemic and placenta-level proinflammatory antimalarial immune responses, in the absence of adequate and sustained counterregulatory mechanisms, contribute to pregnancy loss in this model.

Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand 1 (TRAIL1) enhances the transition of red blood cells from the larval to adult type during metamorphosis in Xenopus

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Tamura ◽  
Shuuji Mawaribuchi ◽  
Shin Yoshimoto ◽  
Tadayoshi Shiba ◽  
Nobuhiko Takamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Definitive Erythropoiesis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract The transition of red blood cells (RBCs) from primitive to definitive erythropoiesis is conserved across vertebrates. In anuran amphibians, the larval RBCs from primitive erythropoiesis are replaced by adult RBCs from definitive erythropoiesis during metamorphosis. The molecular mechanisms by which the primitive (larval) blood cells are specifically removed from circulation are not yet understood. In this study, we identified Xenopus tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand 1 (xTRAIL1) and xTRAIL2 as ligands of Xenopus death receptor-Ms (xDR-Ms) and investigated whether TRAIL signaling could be involved in this transition. The Trail and xDR-M genes were highly expressed in the liver and RBCs, respectively, during metamorphosis. Interestingly, xTRAIL1 enhanced the transition of the RBCs, and a dominant-negative form of the xTRAIL1 receptor attenuated it, when injected into tadpoles. Moreover, xTRAIL1 induced apoptosis in larval RBCs, but had little effect on adult RBCs in vitro. We also found that adult RBCs treated with staurosporine, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, were sensitized to xTRAIL1. The mRNAs for PKC isoforms were up-regulated in RBCs during metamorphosis. These results suggest that xTRAIL1 can cause apoptosis, probably mediated through xDR-Ms, in larval RBCs, but may not kill adult RBCs, presumably owing to PKC activation, as part of the mechanism for RBC switching.

Abstract 354: Lower Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) are Associated with Increased Sub-clinical Coronary Atherosclerosis among Smokers

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Divay Chandra ◽  
Yingze Zhang ◽  
Steven Reis ◽  
Frank Sciurba
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Meso Scale Discovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Rationale: There is significant in vitro evidence demonstrating anti-atherogenic effect of circulating Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Also, decreased circulating TRAIL levels have been reported in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in those undergoing coronary catheterization due to suspected coronary atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown if TRAIL levels are associated with sub-clinical coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: The study included 460 current and former smokers enrolled in the Pittsburgh COPD SCCOR study. Serum TRAIL levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, according to the manufacture’s protocol (Meso Scale Discovery, Gaithersburg, Maryland). Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by a validated visual coronary artery calcium scoring system using non-EKG gated chest CT scans (Weston score). Ordinal logistic regression models were used to identify significant associations between categories of CAC score (0, 1-3, 4-8, and 9-12) and TRAIL level, and to adjust for cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The mean age of the 460 participants was 65.7 ± 6.3 years, 52.2% were male, and the mean pack years of smoking was 55.0 ± 30.8 years. In univariate analyses, each standard deviation decrease in TRAIL levels was associated with 1.42-fold increase in the odds of having calcium scores in one higher category (p<0.001). This association persisted despite adjustment for age, gender, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, pack years of smoking, and current smoking status (adjusted OR for higher category of calcium score per SD decrease in TRAIL level 1.22, p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results expand on the in vitro and in vivo data linking decreased TRAIL levels with increased atherosclerosis by demonstrating a novel association between lower circulating TRAIL and increased subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.

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