scholarly journals Breeding and Post-Breeding Habitat Use by Forest Migrant Songbirds in the Missouri Ozarks

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich W. Pagen ◽  
Frank R. Thompson III ◽  
Dirk E. Burhans
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Point Counts

Abstract We compared habitat use by forest migrant songbirds during the breeding and post-breeding periods in four Missouri Ozark habitats: mature upland forest, mature riparian forest, 9- to 10-year-old upland forest, and 3- to 4-year-old upland forest created by clearcutting. Adult forest-ground species showed a decrease in abundance in all habitats during the post-breeding period, but hatching-year birds of one of the two forest-ground species were most abundant in early-successional forest during this time. Adults of the two forest-canopy species tended to increase in abundance in 3- to 4-year-old forest from breeding season to post-breeding season. During the breeding season, some forest species were detected with mist-nets in the two early-successional habitats, but infrequently or not at all with point counts in those habitats. Forest birds captured in early-successional habitats during the breeding season may have been nonbreeding floaters, or may have been foraging there from nearby territories in mature forest. Dense shrubs or young trees in early-successional forest may provide habitat for nonbreeding and post-breeding forest migrant songbirds in the Missouri Ozarks.

scholarly journals The importance of riparian forest for the maintenance of bird species richness in an Atlantic Forest remnant, southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz dos Anjos ◽  
Graziele H. Volpato ◽  
Edson V. Lopes ◽  
Patrícia P. Serafini ◽  
Fabíola Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Forest Remnant

We compared the composition and guild structure of bird communities of riparian and upland forest in an Atlantic forest reserve, the Godoy State Park (GP), in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Unlimited distance point counts were sampled monthly from September-December 2001, along four trails. Two trails in upland forest (TA and TB) were parallel to each other and about 300 m apart. Two trails in riparian forest (TC and TD) were along the Apertados River, about 100 m away from the river. A total of 145 species were recorded: 81 species were recorded in both upland and riparian forests, 19 species were recorded only in upland forest and 45 species were recorded exclusively in riparian forest. Among the 81 species occurring in both forest types, 18 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the riparian forest while only 8 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the upland forest. Taking into account the contacts numbers of the species the large frugivores guild was closely associated to the upland forest, while bamboo and vine-tangles insectivore, canopy insectivores, edge omnivores, ground omnivore and midstory insectivores were those more closely related to the riparian forest.

scholarly journals An assessment of census techniques, habitat use and threats to Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHAGAWAN RAJ DAHAL ◽  
PHILIP J. K. McGOWAN ◽  
STEPHEN J. BROWNE
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Census Techniques ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

SummarySwamp Francolin Francolinus gularis is endemic to the Indian sub-continent, being found in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. It is threatened with extinction and is listed as ‘Vulnerable’, mainly as a result of habitat degradation and loss. This study investigated the distribution, habitat use, threats and most appropriate method for surveying the species at Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in southeastern Nepal from February to July 2004. The most appropriate method, which recorded the highest number of birds (without double-counting), was identified as point counts undertaken early in the morning during the breeding season. The abundance estimate for the species was 15.5 ± 2.50 birds km−2. Habitat use, as compared with availability, differed significantly between seasons, with Woodland-Grassland and Wet Grassland preferred in the breeding season and summer. Dry Grassland and Woodland were preferred during the monsoon months. On average, 40.4 (± 15.6) people were recorded in the study area each day and there was a general trend for the number of birds to decrease with increasing numbers of people. Each day an average of 31.6 (± 16.7) livestock was recorded in the study area and more than 120 were regularly present throughout the eastern section, although there was no significant relationship between number of cattle and Swamp Francolin. We conclude that as long as the degree and distribution of anthropogenic pressures does not increase, the Swamp Francolin should survive at Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. However, as the species is reliant on different habitats in different seasons, deterioration in the quality or extent of either of these could have a serious impact on the species.

scholarly journals Home range size and habitat use of the blue-crowned laughingthrush during the breeding season

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8785
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yongtao Xu ◽  
Bai Mo ◽  
Jinze Shi ◽  
Yachang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Density Estimator ◽  
Breeding Sites

The home range size and habitat use of the blue-crowned laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi, hereafter BCLT), a critically endangered, subtropical, cooperative-breeding bird species in southeast China, were studied during its breeding period using radio telemetry at different sites during 3 consecutive years (2016–18, from May to June of each year). A total of 17 birds (12 males, four females, and one of unknown sex) were tagged, and a total 1515 locations (mean ± se = 89.12 ± 11.42) were obtained over 54 days of tracking. The average 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home range size was 10.05 ± 1.17 ha, and the estimated KDE core area (fiexed kernel density estimator, KDE) size was 7.84 ± 1.18 ha. According to the Wilcoxon rank sum tests, both the 100% MCP and KDE core area size of males did not significantly differ from those of females. There were no significant differences in the 100% MCP or KDE core area sizes of the three breeding sites. The available habitats in the breeding sites included water areas, shrubs, grass plots, woodland, residential areas, vegetable field, farmland, and sandy beaches; among them, only woodland was significantly preferred by BCLTs. Woodland (average use ratio was 45.86 ± 1.74%) was strongly preferred by BCLTs for nesting, foraging and roosting. Shrubs/grass plots (24.72 ± 3.39%) and vegetable plots (11.80 ± 1.83%) were used relatively more often than the other habitats, except woodland, since shrubs were always used as perches, and vegetable plots were rich in food resources. Vertically, the canopy layer was used most often from April to June, but it was used most in May when the birds were hatching and brooding. This result indicates that BCLT is predominantly active in the upper strata during the breeding season. In addition, broadleaved trees within or adjacent to villages were important activity areas for the breeding birds; protection and management measures should be increased in these areas.

scholarly journals Resource Selection by Juvenile Swainson's Thrushes During the Postfledging Period

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. White ◽  
Thomas Gardali ◽  
Frank R. Thompson ◽  
John Faaborg
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
Habitat Mosaic ◽  
Swainson’S Thrush

Abstract Resource-selection studies of passerine birds during the breeding season have mainly been limited to understanding those factors important to nesting. However, little is known about what resources are selected by juveniles that are no longer dependent on their parents. The postfledging period may be a critical part of the breeding season for independent juveniles because they must avoid predators and learn to forage on a changing resource base. We used radio-telemetry to study postfledging habitat use and resource selection of juvenile Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) in coastal California from 2000 to 2002. We generated population-level contours (50% and 95% fixed-kernel) to describe habitat use by independent juveniles, and we determined juvenile resource selection by comparing vegetation characteristics at sites used by juveniles versus random sites. Juvenile Swainson's Thrushes used mixed-hardwood forest and coastal scrub during the postfledging period as well as riparian vegetation used by nesting adults. The most parsimonious predictors of resource selection were fruit abundance variables, suggesting that postfledging habitat selection by the Swainson's Thrush is best explained by the optimal-foraging hypothesis. We suggest that juvenile thrushes can track food resources in a habitat mosaic and use vegetation types distinct from what is traditionally considered Swainson's Thrush breeding habitat. Selección de Recursos por Juveniles de Cathatus ustulatus Durante el Periodo de Emancipación Resumen. Los estudios de selección de recursos en aves paserinas durante la estación reproductiva, se han centrado principalmente en entender los factores importantes para la anidación. Sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de los recursos seleccionados por los juveniles que ya no dependen de sus padres. Para los juveniles independientes, el periodo de emancipación podría ser una parte crítica de la estación reproductiva en la que deben evitar depredadores y aprender a forrajear sobre una base de recursos fluctuante. Por medio de telemetría, estudiamos el uso de hábitat y selección de recursos en juveniles del zorzal Catharus ustulatus en la costa de California entre los años 2000 y 2002. A nivel de población, generamos polígonos (de 50% y 95% de “kernel” fijo) para describir la utilización de hábitat por juveniles independientes, y para determinar la selección de recursos comparamos las características de la vegetación de los sitios utilizados con la de sitios aleatorios pareados. Los juveniles utilizaron bosques mixtos y matorral costero durante el periodo de emancipación, así como la vegetación riparia utilizada por adultos nidificantes. Las variables con las predicciones más parsimoniosas del uso de recursos fueron las relacionadas con la abundancia de frutos, lo que sugiere que la selección de hábitat de emancipación por C. ustulatus es explicada en mejores términos por la hipótesis de forrajeo óptimo. Sugerimos que los zorzales juveniles pueden encontrar recursos alimenticios en mosaicos de hábitat y usar tipos de vegetación distintos a los que tradicionalmente se consideran como hábitat de anidación.

scholarly journals Female song in the Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Patchett ◽  
Alexander N. G. Kirschel ◽  
Joanna Robins King ◽  
Patrick Styles ◽  
Will Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Female Song ◽  
Mate Acquisition

AbstractFemale song is widespread across bird species yet rarely reported. Here, we report the first observations and description of female song in the Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca and compare it to male song through the breeding season. Twenty-five percent of colour-ringed females were observed singing at least once, predominantly in April, compared to 71% of males that continued singing through the breeding period. We suggest that female song may have multiple functions in this species, but it may be especially important in territorial defence and mate acquisition.

Effects of commercial thinning on site occupancy and habitat use by spruce grouse in boreal Quebec

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambroise Lycke ◽  
Louis Imbeau ◽  
Pierre Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Dense Vegetation ◽  
Commercial Thinning

Partial cuts are increasingly proposed to maintain habitats for species negatively affected by clearcutting, even if their benefits on nonpasserine birds and large mammals are still poorly documented. Our main objective was to evaluate effects of commercial thinning (CT) on spruce grouse ( Falcipennis canadensis L.), a game bird of the boreal forest. Because this species is known to be associated with a dense vegetation cover, we hypothesized that habitat use would be lower in treated sites. In spring 2006, we evaluated site occupancy in 94 forest stands (50 CT and 44 uncut stands) in Quebec by visiting each on three occasions during the breeding season (March–May). Additionally, during the molting period (May–July), we used radiotelemetry to monitor habitat use by 19 males. As compared with uncut stands, results show that a lower proportion of CTs were used in spring (39% versus 60%, after accounting for detection). During the molting period, CTs were also used less than expected according to their availability. The significant reduction of lateral and vertical forest cover in CT may explain these results. We conclude that even if CT is perceived beneficial for wildlife, it does not completely fulfill the needs of species associated with dense understory vegetation, such as spruce grouse.

Space fit for a king: spatial ecology of king cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) in Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Northeastern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Michael Marshall ◽  
Colin Thomas Strine ◽  
Max Dolton Jones ◽  
Taksin Artchawakom ◽  
Ines Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Ophiophagus Hannah

Abstract A species’ spatial ecology has direct implications for that species’ conservation. Far-ranging species may be more difficult to conserve because their movements increase their chances of encountering humans. The movements can take them out of protected areas, which is especially risky for species that are routinely persecuted. The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), a large venomous elapid, is subject to anthropogenic pressures, such as persecution and habitat loss. Here we present results from a study using radio telemetry to quantify movements and habitat use of nine king cobras in and around a protected area in Northeast Thailand. This study is the first investigation into the movements and habitat use of king cobras outside of the Western Ghats, India. On average, the tracked king cobra’s use areas of 493.42 ± 335.60 ha (95% fixed kernel), moving 183.24 ± 82.63 m per day. King cobras did not remain in intact forested area. Five of the individuals frequently used the human-dominated agricultural areas surrounding the protected area, appearing to make regular use of irrigation canals. Two adult males showed increases in movements during the breeding season. One male’s increased breeding season range caused him to venture beyond the protected area, shifting his habitat use from intact forests to scrub in human-dominated areas. King cobras’ large home range and willingness to use anthropogenic landscapes merits special consideration from conservation planners.

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