scholarly journals Using Video to Monitor Predation at Black-Capped Vireo Nests

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike M. Stake ◽  
David A. Cimprich
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Fort Hood ◽  
Mammalian Predators

AbstractWe monitored 142 Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus) nests at Fort Hood, Texas, from 1998 to 2001 using time-lapse infrared videocameras to identify nest predators. We recorded 59 predator visits (where at least some of the nest contents were removed or destroyed), resulting in 48 depredated nests. Snakes and fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) were the leading predators, accounting for 18 (38%) and 15 (31%), respectively, of all depredated nests. We also identified a variety of avian (19% of depredated nests) and mammalian predators (11% of depredated nests). Despite intensive Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) removal at Fort Hood, we recorded nine predator visits by females of this species, but only one resulted in nest failure. Although predator visits occurred at all hours, most (58%) took place at night. The daily predation rate was higher during the nestling stage than during incubation, partly due to the apparent inability of fire ants to prey upon vireo eggs. We monitored 435 nests without video; field assistants checked the contents of these every 4–5 days. The daily survival rate of these nests was not higher than the rate of nests monitored with video, evidence that video monitoring does not increase nest predation relative to monitoring by human visits to nests.Uso de Video para Observar la Depredación de Nidos de Vireo atricapillusResumen. De 1998 al 2001 monitoreamos 142 nidos de Vireo atricapillus en Fort Hood, Texas. Utilizamos cámaras de video de luz infrarroja para identificar a los depredadores de los nidos. Logramos grabar 59 visitas de depredación (donde al menos parte del contenido de los nidos fue removido o destruido); en éstas, 48 nidos fueron depredados. Los principales depredadores de los nidos de V. atricapillus fueron las serpientes y las hormigas de fuego (Solenopsis sp.). Del total de nidos depredados, 18 (38%) fueron depredados por serpientes y 15 (31%) por hormigas. También identificamos otros depredadores como algunas especies de aves (19% de los nidos depredados) y mamíferos (11% de los nidos depredados). A pesar de la campaña intensiva de erradicación de Molothrus ater en Fort Hood, registramos 9 visitas de depredación por parte de hembras de esta especie, pero sólo una de estas visitas resultó en el fracaso del nido. Aunque las visitas de depredación se dieron en cualquier momento, la mayoría (58%) ocurrió durante la noche. La tasa diaria de depredación fue más alta durante la etapa de crianza que durante la etapa de incubación, en parte debido a la aparente inhabilidad de las hormigas de fuego para depredar los huevos de Vireo atricapillus. Durante nuestra investigación, monitoreamos 435 nidos sin cámara de video; los asistentes de campo revisaron el contenido de estos nidos cada 4 ó 5 días. La tasa de sobrevivencia diaria de estos nidos no fue más alta que la de los nidos monitoreados con cámaras, mostrando que el monitoreo con éstas no incrementa la depredación de nidos con relación al monitoreo por visitas personales a los nidos.

scholarly journals Diel timing of nest predation changes across season in a subtropical shorebird

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sládeček ◽  
Kateřina Brynychová ◽  
Esmat Elhassan ◽  
Miroslav Salek ◽  
Veronika Janatová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Ground Nesting

Predation is the most common cause of nest failure in birds. While nest predation is relatively well studied in general, our knowledge is unevenly distributed across globe and taxa, with for example limited information on shorebirds breeding in sub-tropics. Importantly, we know fairly little about the timing of predation within a day and season. Here, we followed 499 nests of red-wattled lapwings (Vanellus indicus), a ground-nesting shorebird, to estimate a nest predation rate, and continuously monitored 231 of these nests for a sum of 2951 days to reveal how timing of predation changes over the day and season in a sub-tropical desert. We found that 324 nests hatched, 77 nests were predated, 38 failed for other reasons and 60 had unknown fate. Daily predation rate was 0.97% (95%CrI: 0.77% – 1.2%), which for a 30-day long incubation period translates into ~25% chance of nest being predated. Such predation rate is low compared to most other species. Predation events were distributed evenly across day and night, with a tendency for increased predation around sunrise. Predation rate and events were distributed evenly also across the season, although night predation was more common later in the season, perhaps because predators reduce their activity during daylight to avoid extreme heat. Indeed, nests were never predated upon when mid-day ground temperatures exceeded 45°C. Whether the activity pattern of predators indeed changes across the breeding season and whether the described predation patterns hold for other populations, species and geographical regions awaits future investigations.

scholarly journals Diel timing of nest predation changes across breeding season in a subtropical shorebird

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sládeček ◽  
Kateřina Brynychová ◽  
Esmat Elhassan ◽  
Miroslav Salek ◽  
Veronika Janatová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Diel Activity Pattern ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Ground Nesting

Predation is the most common cause of nest failure in birds. While nest predation is relatively well studied in general, our knowledge is unevenly distributed across the globe and taxa, with for example limited information on shorebirds breeding in sub-tropics. Importantly, we know fairly little about the timing of predation within a day and season. Here, we followed 444 nests of red-wattled lapwings (Vanellus indicus), a ground-nesting shorebird, for a sum of 7828 days to estimate a nest predation rate, and continuously monitored 230 of these nests for a sum of 2779 days to reveal how the timing of predation changes over the day and season in a sub-tropical desert. We found that 312 nests (70%) hatched, 76 nests (17%) were predated, 23 (5%) failed for other reasons and 33 (7%) had an unknown fate. Daily predation rate was 0.95% (95%CrI: 0.76% – 1.19%), which for a 30-day long incubation period translates into ~25% (20% – 30%) chance of nest being predated. Such a predation rate is low compared to most other avian species. Predation events (N = 25) were distributed evenly across day and night, with a tendency for increased predation around sunrise. Predation rate and events were distributed evenly also across the season, although night predation was more common later in the season, perhaps because predators reduce their activity during daylight to avoid extreme heat. Indeed, nests were never predated when mid-day ground temperatures exceeded 45°C. Whether the diel activity pattern of resident predators undeniably changes across the breeding season and whether the described predation patterns hold for other populations, species and geographical regions awaits future investigations.

scholarly journals Do Repugnant Scents Increase Survival of Ground Nests? A Test with Artificial and Natural Duck Nests

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Harriman ◽  
Justin A. Pitt ◽  
Serge Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
Predation Rates

Ground-nesting birds typically experience high predation rates on their nests, often by mammalian predators. As such, researchers and wildlife managers have employed numerous techniques to mitigate nest predation. We investigated the use of scents as repellents to deter predators from both artificial and natural ground nests. Survival rates of artificial nests did not differ among six groups of substances (Wald ?2 df = 5 = 4.53, P < 0.48); however the chronology of predation among groups differed. A commercial Coyote urine based deterrent (DEER-D-TERTM), human hair, and Worcestershire sauce were depredated faster than the control (F4,5 = 40.3, P < 0.001). Nest survival of natural nests differed among those groups tested (Wald ?2 df = 2 = 11.8, P < 0.005); the eight mothball treatment decreased survival (Wald ?2 df = 1 = 11.5, P < 0.005), which indicated that novel smells may attract predators or result in duck nest abandonment when coupled with natural duck scent. Chronologies of predation events among treatment groups were not different for natural nests (F2,3 = 1.9, P = 0.22). These findings indicate an interaction between novel scents and predator olfactory cues.

scholarly journals Demography of Bell's Vireos in Missouri Grassland-Shrub Habitats

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Budnik ◽  
Mark R. Ryan ◽  
Frank R. Thompson III
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Seasonal Fecundity

Abstract Numbers of Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii) have declined throughout much of the breeding range in recent years, yet little information exists to determine factors that are causing these declines. We studied Bell's Vireos nesting in grassland-shrub habitats at two study areas in central Missouri to determine reproductive performance, survival, and population growth potential. Birds were color banded and observed during the breeding seasons of 1996, 1997, and 1998 to determine seasonal fecundity. We monitored 124 breeding pairs (127 pair years) and 213 nests. Density declined from 1.00 to 0.80 territories per 10 ha at the first site and increased from 1.11 to 1.33 at the second site during the study. Mean nesting success was 31 ± SE of 0.03% overall and ranged from 13 to 42% among years and study areas; 57% of the pairs fledged at least one young. Low annual production was a function of high rates of nest predation (41% of all nests observed, accounting for 44 to 78% of daily nest mortality annually) and nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; 29% of nests observed, 17 to 37% of daily nest mortality annually). Mean seasonal fecundity was 1.60 young fledged per pair per year (range 1.00 to 1.79). Annual survival of adults was 61 ± 0.04% and was higher than previously reported. We used our estimates of seasonal fecundity and annual survival of adults to determine the finite rate of increase (λ) for our study population. Our study areas seemingly comprised sink habitats (λ = 0.85). Thus, the vireos on our study areas likely were limited by low reproductive success. Population declines also may be caused by habitat loss, which highlights the need for investigation of historical and current rates of loss of grassland-shrub habitat.

scholarly journals Abundance Trends for Hexanchus griseus, Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, and Hydrolagus colliei, Spotted Ratfish, Counted at an Automated Underwater Observation Station in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Dunbrack
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Video Monitoring ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Observation Station ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hexanchus Griseus

Recordings from a time lapse video monitoring station on a shallow rocky reef in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, revealed a steep and continuous decline in the occurrence of Hexanchus griseus (Bluntnose Sixgill Shark) between 2001 and 2007, with relative abundance in 2006 and 2007 less than 1% of that in 2001. The relative abundance of another chondrichthyan, Hydrolagus colliei (Spotted Ratfish), decreased to 15% of 2004 levels in 2005 and 2006 and remained below 25% in 2007. There is no compelling explanation for these decreases. Over the past 25 years water temperatures have increased in the Strait of Georgia and there have been a number of El Niño warm water events, but diver observations of H. griseus at this site over the same time period give no indication of prior changes in abundance. Neither species is targeted by a fishery, but injuries, possibly related to hooking and entanglement, observed in 28% of individually identified H. griseus suggests this species may be taken locally as bycatch.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Predation on Ovenbird (Seiurus Aurocapilla) Nests in Northern Hardwoods: Interactions Across Spatial Scales

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Brady J. Mattsson ◽  
Gerald J. Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
Litter Depth ◽  
Seiurus Aurocapilla ◽  
Forest Songbirds ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Microsite, patch, and landscape conditions may interact to influence nest predation. In northern Minnesota, silvicultural and agricultural practices may be involved in recent increases in nest predators and regional declines in several ground-nesting songbirds. To examine this problem, we evaluated 17 hierarchical models of predation on Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) nests that included microsite variables, distances to edges, and amount of core forest within a 2-km radius surrounding six study plots. During 2000 and 2001, 157 Ovenbird nests were monitored to estimate nest predation rates. A model that included the main effects of litter depth and core forest area and an interaction term between the two best described variation in predation on Ovenbird nests (AICc weight = 0.83). The nest predation rate from this model was 0.51 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE), assuming mean values of litter depth and amount of core forest. Shallow litter was associated with higher nest predation in three plots surrounded by less core habitat (40–60 ha), whereas there was no relationship in three plots surrounded by more core area (100–150 ha). Management that promotes deep leaf litter and the maintenance of large, intact forest tracts will likely benefit Ovenbirds and other forest songbirds. Factores que Influencian la Depredación de Nidos de Seiurus aurocapilla en los Bosques del Norte: Interacciones a través de las Escalas Espaciales

Day- and night-time parental investment by incubating Wilson's Plovers in a tropical environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Thibault ◽  
Raymond McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Nest Attendance ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Charadrius Wilsonia ◽  
Infrared Lamps ◽  
Time Lapse Video

With the use of a time-lapse video camera and infrared lamps, we quantified diurnal and nocturnal incubation sex roles in 17 pairs of Wilson's Plovers (Charadrius wilsonia cinnamominus) breeding in northeastern Venezuela. More than 82% of nests reached the hatching stage. Between the laying of the last egg and hatching of the first one, parents devoted 83% of their time incubating. Males spent more time incubating than females. Males incubated mainly at night and females mostly during daytime. Males also spent significantly more time incubating during daytime than did females during nighttime. During incubation, females relieved males at dawn and males relieved females at dusk. By relieving each other under conditions of low light intensity, parents probably reduced nest predation. Outside the breeding season, the Wilson's Plovers forage almost exclusively during nighttime. In contrast, during the breeding season, males foraged mainly during daytime low tides, probably as a consequence of their nocturnal nest attendance. During short daytime periods, on cloudy days, incubating plovers, particularly the females, abandoned their eggs to forage.

scholarly journals Use of time-lapse video cameras to determine causes of nest failure of Slavonian GrebesPodiceps auritus

Bird Study ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Perkins ◽  
Mark H. Hancock ◽  
Nigel Butcher ◽  
Ron W. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time Lapse Video

scholarly journals Nestling begging calls increase predation risk by corvids

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-155
Author(s):  
Magne Husby
Keyword(s):  
Nest Predation ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Artificial Nest ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Breeding Failure ◽  
Nestling Begging ◽  
Real Costs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Nest Predators

Abstract Despite nest predation being the most common cause of breeding failure in open-nesting birds, we have little insight into the cues used by nest predators when they search for nests. So far we have assumed that nest-predating birds are visually oriented while mammal predators to a large extent use scent and auditory cues like nestling begging calls. To evaluate how important nestling begging calls are for corvid nest predators searching for nests, I used artificial nests, which made it possible to find the real costs of the begging without mitigation by parental and nestling behavior. I used paired artificial nests, one with and one without nestling begging call playback. Within 10 days, 62.9% of the nests were predated. The analyses showed that nests with begging calls suffered a significantly higher predation rate than nests without begging calls, especially when the nests were placed close to corvid nests. Moreover, nests with begging calls were predated significantly earlier than nests without begging calls. In artificial nest pairs with both nests predated but on different days, nests with begging calls were predated first. In nest pairs with only one predated nest, nests with begging calls were predated most often. This experiment shows that nestling begging calls imply a cost in terms of increased and earlier nest predation, and that corvids use nestling begging calls as a cue to find and depredate bird nests, challenging earlier expectations.

Predicting Embryo Implantation Potential Using Video Monitoring by the EmbryoScope™ Time-Lapse System

2019 ◽  
pp. 505-519
Author(s):  
Lucía Alegre Ferri ◽  
Carmela Albert Rodríguez ◽  
Sonia Pérez Albalá ◽  
Marcos Meseguer Escrivá
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Video Monitoring
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