Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling and Functional Analysis of the Frog (Bombina maxima) Immune System

Introduction: Immune system dysregulation occurs with age. This includes an increase in inflammation, and immunosenescence, the inability to efficiently respond to new immune challenges. These changes are evident in various diseases but have yet to be evaluated in a population with ischemic stroke. Age is an important factor in stroke, contributing to stroke risk, outcome and risk of hemorrhagic transformation. This study aimed to assess the changes that occur with age in the leukocyte gene expression of patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: Two cohorts of acute ischemic stroke patients were analyzed; cohort 1 (n=94) and cohort 2 (n=79). RNA was isolated from PAXgene tubes and processed on Affymetrix microarrays. Differentially expressed genes associated with age quartiles were identified by ANCOVA, adjusted for sex and batch. Functional analysis identified age-associated pathways. Differentially expressed genes were compared with previous non-stroke aging studies in whole blood. Results: There were 61 and 442 age-associated genes in cohorts 1 and 2 respectively (FDR-corrected p<0.05, partial correlation coefficient ≥ |0.3|). Nineteen genes, including CR2, CCR6 and CXCR5 , were found in common and decreased with age among both cohorts (max-log10(p value) = 17). Functional analysis of the 61 and 442 genes revealed with advancing age there is a change in the humoral immune system, including antibody production and B cell proliferation. When compared to aging gene expression studies in controls, 52% of age-associated genes in cohort 1 and 31% of cohort 2 age-associated genes overlapped with those found in controls, and 16 of the 19 common genes to both cohorts overlapped in controls (max-log10(p value) = 15). Conclusion: In patients with acute stroke there is a change in leukocyte gene expression with advancing age. Changes included a shift in humoral immune response with a potentially impaired B cell response. While many of the age-associated alterations in gene expression present in stroke are similar to non-stroke controls, these changes warrant further investigation for their impact on stroke outcome and risk.

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Functional analysis of the immune system by gene targeting

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0021-5198(19)46280-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Nobuaki Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Immune System ◽

Gene Targeting

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Generation of transcriptome profiling and gene functional analysis in Gossypium hirsutum upon Verticillium dahliae infection

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.143 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 473 (4) ◽

pp. 879-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wenwei Zhang ◽

Huachong Zhang ◽

Fangjun Qi ◽

Guiliang Jian

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Gene Functional Analysis

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Blood Transcriptomics of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus: A Tool for Health Monitoring and Disease Studies

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1296

Author(s):

Paolo Ronza ◽

José Antonio Álvarez-Dios ◽

Diego Robledo ◽

Ana Paula Losada ◽

Roberto Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Antigen Processing ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Scophthalmus Maximus ◽

Fish Pathology ◽

The Status ◽

Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus ◽

Transcriptomic Changes ◽

Blood Transcriptomics

Blood transcriptomics is emerging as a relevant tool to monitor the status of the immune system and assist in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and pathogenesis studies of diseases. In fish pathology, the potential of transcriptome profiling of blood is still poorly explored. Here, RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the blood transcriptional profile of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), the most important farmed flatfish. The study was conducted in healthy specimens and specimens parasitized by the myxozoan Enteromyxum scophthalmi, which causes one of the most devastating diseases in turbot aquaculture. The blood of healthy turbot showed a transcriptomic profile mainly related to erythrocyte gas transportation function, but also to antigen processing and presentation. In moderately infected turbot, the blood reflected a broad inhibition of the immune response. Particularly, down-regulation of the B cell receptor signaling pathway was shared with heavily parasitized fish, which showed larger transcriptomic changes, including the activation of the inflammatory response. Turbot response to enteromyxosis proved to be delayed, dysregulated and ineffective in stopping the infection. The study evinces that blood transcriptomics can contribute to a better understanding of the teleost immune system and serve as a reliable tool to investigate the physiopathological status of fish.

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