Effect of Constant and Fluctuating Temperature on the Development, Reproduction, Survival, and Sex Ratio of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saad Waqas ◽  
Lulu Lin ◽  
Ali Ahmed Zaky Shoaib ◽  
Xinlai Cheng ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Abstract Effects of temperature on the development, survival, reproduction, longevity and sex ratio of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, was assessed at five constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 35°C and five fluctuating temperatures ranging from 15 to 40°C under laboratory conditions. Results showed that nymphal development duration, preoviposition period, oviposition period, fecundity, and adult longevity were reduced significantly with increasing temperature until 30°C, but developmental duration of third female nymphal instar and female adult longevity was longer at 35°C than 30°C, and no males could emerge from pupae at the constant temperature 35°C. Fluctuating temperature, in general, significantly accelerated the nymphal developmental duration, prolonged preoviposition period, shortened oviposition period, reduced fecundity, lowered the survival rate of nymphs, and decreased adult longevity of males and females compared to their mean corresponding constant temperature. Overall, it is suggested that one should be prudent when applying the obtained results under constant and fluctuating temperatures under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Jasmin Varga ◽  
Anca Ioana Paslaru ◽  
Jeannine Hauri ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Background Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. However, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other flaviviruses (e.g. West Nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vectors for ZIKV under laboratory conditions. One of these, the Asian bush mosquito, Ae. japonicus, is widely distributed with high abundances in central-western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14–27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes. Results The two populations were each able to transmit ZIKV under both temperature regimes. Infectious virus particles were detected in the saliva of females from both populations, regardless of the incubation temperature regime, from 7 days post-exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of plaque forming units (PFU) (400/ml) were recorded 14 days post-oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at a constant temperature. No difference in terms of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found between mosquito populations. Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates compared to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7–23% and 7–10% for the constant temperature and 0–10% and 3–27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France at realistic summer temperatures under laboratory conditions. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Jasmin Varga ◽  
Anca Iona Paslaru ◽  
Jeannine Hauri ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Background Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. However, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other Flaviviruses (e.g.West Nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vector for ZIKV under laboratory conditions. To name one, the Asian bush mosquito Ae. japonicus which is widely distributed with high abundances in Central-Western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes.Results The two populations were each able to transmit ZIKV under both temperature regimes. Infectious virus particles were detected in the saliva of females from both populations, regardless of the incubation temperature regime, from 7 days post exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of Plaque Forming Unit (PFU) (400/ml) were recorded 14 days post oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at constant temperature. No difference in term of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found between mosquito populations.Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates comparing to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7-23% and 7-10% for the constant temperature and 0-10% and 3-27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively.Conclusions This is the first work confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France at realistic summer temperatures under laboratory conditions. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Jasmin Varga ◽  
Anca Iona Paslaru ◽  
Jeannine Hauri ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Background Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. However, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other Flaviviruses (e.g.West Nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vector for ZIKV under laboratory conditions. One of these, the Asian bush mosquito Ae. japonicus is widely distributed with high abundances in Central-Western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes.Results The two populations were each able to transmit ZIKV under both temperature regimes. Infectious virus particles were detected in the saliva of females from both populations, regardless of the incubation temperature regime, from 7 days post exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of Plaque Forming Unit (PFU) (400/ml) were recorded 14 days post oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at constant temperature. No difference in terms of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found between mosquito populations.Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates compared to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7-23% and 7-10% for the constant temperature and 0-10% and 3-27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively.Conclusions This is the first work confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France at realistic summer temperatures under laboratory conditions. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.

scholarly journals Reproductive parameters and longevity of Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) eggs

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Canto-Silva ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
L. R. Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Reproductive Capability ◽  
Honey Solution

The fecundity, daily progeny and longevity of Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hym.; Scelionidae) were determined under laboratory conditions, using Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) (Hem.; Coreidae) eggs as host. Nineteen G. gallardoi females and 34 males were reared at 25 ± 1 °C, with a 12 h photophase, fed on a 10% aqueous honey solution and provided with 25-30 S. dentiventris eggs daily. The average pre-oviposition period was 1.3 ± 0.35 days, although some females began laying from the day of emergence. On average, oviposition lasted for 10.1 ± 1.74 days, reaching a peak on the second day, with 67.5 ± 11.29 eggs laid. The post-oviposition period was short (2.4 ± 0.48 days). G. gallardoi females lived significantly longer than males: 13.7 ± 1.94 and 10.6 ± 1.78 days, respectively. The overall sex ratio was 0.79. The results reported here on the reproductive capability of the species suggest it may have a good potential as an agent for the control of S. dentiventris.

scholarly journals Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uros Glavinic ◽  
Jasmin Varga ◽  
Anca Ioana Paslaru ◽  
Jeannine Hauri ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Background: Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. However, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other flaviviruses (e.g. West Nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vectors for ZIKV under laboratory conditions. One of these, the Asian bush mosquito, Ae. japonicus, is widely distributed with high abundances in central-western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14–27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes.Results: The two populations were each able to transmit ZIKV under both temperature regimes. Infectious virus particles were detected in the saliva of females from both populations, regardless of the incubation temperature regime, from 7 days post-exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of plaque forming units (PFU) (400/ml) were recorded 14 days post-oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at a constant temperature. No difference in terms of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found between mosquito populations.Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates compared to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7–23% and 7–10% for the constant temperature and 0–10% and 3–27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France at realistic summer temperatures under laboratory conditions. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.

Effects of short-term heat stress on the development and reproduction of predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari, Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-723
Author(s):  
Wei Zhen Li ◽  
Hao Long Li ◽  
Zi Kun Guo ◽  
Su Qin Shang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Adult Females

The predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is one of the best natural enemies, has been used as a biological control agent against multiple insect pests, such as spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and thrips. Its growth and development were affected by the environmental temperature changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the hatching rate of the eggs and the immature developmental times of N. barkeri after incubation of the eggs under heat stress at 38, 40 and 42℃, 85% ± 5% RH and a 16h:8h light: dark (L:D) photoperiod for 2, 4 and 6h. After adult females emerged, they were treated under the same conditions again, and the parameters such as oviposition period, fecundity and female longevity were observed. The results showed that with the increase of the temperature and the extension of the duration of the heat stress, the hatching rate was lower. The eggs treated at 42℃ for 2h or more could not hatch, and the developmental duration of each immature stage showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing. The fastest development was observed after incubation of eggs at 40℃ for 2h, and the shortest developmental duration was 4.60d. Under the condition of 38℃, the oviposition period and life span of adult females were shortened with the extension of treatment time, and the fecundity decreased at first and then increased. At 40℃, the fecundity, oviposition period and longevity of adult females showed a trend of gradual increase with the extension of treatment time. The shortest oviposition period, the lowest fecundity and the shortest life span of adult females were 12.14d, 18.92 eggs and 16.65d, respectively after incubation of eggs at 40℃, for 2h. Therefore, the short-term heat stress had a significant effect on the hatching rate and the duration of the immature stage, and also had a negative effect on the fecundity, oviposition period and longevity of adult females. In rearing and field release, heat stress should be avoided as much as possible to achieve the best predation and control effect of N. barkeri.

scholarly journals Densidade de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) por pupa de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Leite Vargas ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira Calado ◽  
Daniele Fabiana Glaeser ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Cáceres Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Glass Tubes

Density of parasitoid females affects their capacity to develop within the host. The number of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females per pupa of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was adjusted to study the effect of parasitoid production in the laboratory. Host pupae were parasitised by females of T. diatraeae at densities of 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 35:1 (parasitoid:host). The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 h in glass tubes (8.5 × 2.5 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and light regime of 14 h. The percentage of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis was 100% in all parasitoid densities. The length of thr cycle (egg-adult) of Trichospilus diatraeae was 19.25 ± 0.22 days at a density of 1:1 and 17.00 ± 0.00 days at 35:1. The offspring number of T. diatraeae was 106.00 ± 12.38 and 514.67 ± 54.55 individuals per pupa at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The sex ratio decreased with increasing density, ranging between 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.01 at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The percentages of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis were not affected by the densities of female parasitoids. The densities of 14 to 21 females of T. diatraeae per pupa of D. saccharalis are suitable for rearing this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.

LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS IN MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) IN TWO CRESTED WHEATGRASS PASTURES

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma E. Sanchez ◽  
Jerome A. Onsager
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Net Replacement

AbstractA combination of published techniques provided point estimates of life history parameters for two natural field populations of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) in crested wheatgrass pastures. Stage-specific survival rates averaged 0.4798, 0.2261, 0.7628, and 0.6903 for egg, instars I–III combined, instar IV, and instar V, respectively. Daily survival rates of adults averaged 0.9702, but were slightly lower for females than for males. Estimated duration of nymphal instars averaged 8.4 days, the adult preoviposition period averaged 13.3 days, and adult longevity averaged 26.7 and 36.3 days in the two populations. Oviposition rates were estimated for up to four successive ovipositions, and net replacement rates of populations also were estimated. Neither population replaced itself, indicating that potential capacities for increase were not approached under conditions of these studies.

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

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