Natural increase, net replacement rate, output and population dynamic of Aceh cattle in Livestock Breeding and Forage Center of Indrapuri

This study aimed to estimate natural increase (NI), net replacement rate (NRR), output, and population dynamics of Aceh cattle at Livestock Breeding and Forage Center in Indrapuri, Aceh province. Data of population structure, mortality, birth rate, the number of animals entering the herd, and the number of animals released from the herd during 2019were used for determining NIandNRR, and it isusedfor estimation of output. Population structure data (2015-2019) were used to estimate the population dynamics. The results showed that NI was 19.08% (medium category). The availability of replacement stock exceeded the need for replacement (140.08% for male and 73.33% for female); the NRR was 240.08% (male) and 173.33% (female). The output of Aceh cattle was 3.92% (culled male), 5.58% (culled female); the remaining replacement stocks were 5.49% (male) and 4.09% (female) of the total population. The population of Aceh cattle from 2020 to 2024 was expected to increase by 6.02% (65 heads) on average. In conclusion, that BPTU-HPT Indrapuri can be categorized as a beef cattle producing region, but still need efforts to increase natural increase by increasing birth rate minimum 32.77% and reducing mortality maximum 3.0%, in combination with better management systems.

Second Earners and In-Work Poverty in Europe

Dual or multiple earnership has been considered an important factor to prevent in-work poverty. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of second earnership on the risk of in-work poverty and the role of the tax-benefit system in moderating this risk. Our analysis refers to 2014 and employs EUROMOD, the tax-benefit microsimulation model for the European Union and the United Kingdom. In order to assess the role of second earners in preventing in-work poverty we simulate a counterfactual scenario where second earners become unemployed. Our results show that the effect of net replacement rates (i.e. the ratio of household income before and after the transition of second earners to unemployment) on the probability of in-work poverty is negative and statistically significant, but in relative terms it appears to be small compared to the effects of individual labour market characteristics, such as low pay and part-time employment.

STATUS REPRODUKSI DAN ESTIMASI OUTPUT KAMBING SABURAI DI DESA GISTING ATAS KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

The goal of this study was to identify reproduction status, Natural Increase, Net Replacement Rate, and output estimation ofSaburai Goat in Gisting Atas village, Gisting subdistrict, Tanggamus regency. This research was conducted in March until April 2018. The material of this study is all of the Saburai goats which was available in the Gisting Atas Village, which number 89 heads. The results showed that the reproduction status of Saburai Goat in Gisting Atas Village were : first matingfor male goats was 15.47 months and for female goats was12.05 months, Post partum mating was for 2.67 months, calving interval was for 8.67 months. natural increase of Saburai goats was 24.72%, net replacement rate of male goats was 234.92%, and female goats was 121.62%, and the output Saburai goats was 24.72% (28 goats). Keywords: Reproduction Status, Natural Increase, Net Replacement Rate, Output Estimation, Saburai Goat

STATUS REPRODUKSI DAN POTENSI SAPI SONOK DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

The method of data collection was done by interviewing farmers directly (respondents) using questionnaires. There were 4 subdistricts those were being the targets of the population, namely from 13 subdistricts in Pamekasan District were the locations for maintaining sonok cattle. Cluster proporsive sampling was determined by the sample of respondents, that was the method of sampling by setting characteristics those were in accordance with the objectives and criteria, namely all of the Sonok cattle those were kept by farmers in 4 subdistricts in Pamekasan District which were the centers for Sonok cattle breeding. The reproduction status of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District was quite good. The first age of marriage was 23.40 ± 4.17, S / C 1.59 ± 0.53 times, the distance between young calf 14.50 ± 1.83 months, and the value of reproductive efficiency (ER) is 90.51%. The natural increase (NI) value of Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District in 2014 was 9.55%, the value of net replacement rate (NRR) was 101, 48%. The estimation result of Sonok cattle output was 8.24%. Madura cattle population dynamics at the Sonok cattle Nursery Center in Pamekasan District in the period of 2013 to 2017 experienced an average increase of 7.98% annually. The estimated results of the population dynamics from 2018 to 2022 were expected to increase annually by 9.18%. It was concluded that Sonok cattle in Pamekasan District still had the potential to increase the population and the output value was lower than NI (5.06% vs. 15.81%). Keywords : Pamekasan District, Reproduction Status, Natural Increase Value, Sonok Cattle, Questionnaire