Voter Mobilisation and Trust in Electoral Institutions: Evidence from Kenya*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Marx ◽  
Vincent Pons ◽  
Tavneet Suri
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Electoral Participation ◽  
Electoral Institutions ◽  
Electoral Process

Abstract In a large-scale randomised experiment implemented with Kenya’s Electoral Commission in 2013, text messages intended to mobilise voters boosted electoral participation. However, the messages also decreased trust in electoral institutions after the election. This decrease was stronger for individuals on the losing side of the election and in areas that experienced election-related violence. We hypothesise that the mobilisation campaign backfired because the Electoral Commission promised a transparent and orderly electoral process but failed to deliver on these expectations. Several potential mechanisms account for the intervention’s unexpected effects, including a simple model where signaling capacity via mobilisation messages can negatively affect beliefs about the fairness of the election.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Comparative Analysis Reveals A Simple Model To Predict The Prevalence Of Thyroid Nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Genpeng ◽  
Wang Lijuan ◽  
Lei Jianyong ◽  
Song Linlin ◽  
Tang Huairong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thyroid Nodules

scholarly journals Superclusters as Nondissipative Pancakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Avishai Dekel
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Halo Structure

The formation of aspherical superclusters (SC's) is studied by 3-D N-body simulations that are confronted with the Local SC (LSC), and a simple model is developed. A nondissipative scenario, in which galaxies are formed from perturbations on smaller scales prior to the collapse of SC's, is found to be successful. It explains the disk-halo structure of SC's, their flattening and their low dispersions, which are nontransient because of the expansion along the long axes. The LSC has collapsed at z≤0.5. The large-scale velocity isotropy and the local 1-D infall indicate Ω<1. The correlation of galaxies on a few Mpc scales grows nonselfsimilarly due to recent pancaking rather than gradual clustering. This may be tested by the lack of clustering among objects at z>1.

scholarly journals Deterministic Self-Propagating Star Formation

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Jan Palouš
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Molecular Cloud ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Galactic Evolution ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Rotating Disks ◽  
Atomic Gas ◽  
High Column

AbstractThe evolution of large scale expanding structures in differentially rotating disks is studied. High column densities in some places may eventually lead to molecular cloud formation and initiate also star-formation. After some time, multi-structured arms evolve, where regions of intensive star-formation are separated from each other by regions of atomic gas or molecular clouds. This is due to the deterministic nature and to the coherence of this process. A simple model of galactic evolution is introduced and the different behaviour of Sa, Sb, and Sc galaxies is shown.

An implicit differential equation governing lumped capacitance, radiation dominated, unsteady, heat transfer

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-906
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. De Chant
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Differential Equation ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Implicit Differential Equation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integration Schemes

PurposeAlthough most physical problems in fluid mechanics and heat transfer are governed by nonlinear differential equations, it is less common to be confronted with a “so – called” implicit differential equation, i.e. a differential equation where the highest order derivative cannot be isolated. The purpose of this paper is to derive and analyze an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach.Design/methodology/approachHere we discuss an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach. Due to the implicit nature of this problem, standard integration schemes, e.g. Runge‐Kutta, are not conveniently applied to this problem. Moreover, numerical solutions do not provide the insight afforded by an analytical solution.FindingsA predictor predictor‐corrector scheme with secant iteration is presented which readily integrates differential equations where the derivative cannot be explicitly obtained. These solutions are compared to numerical integration of the equations and show good agreement.Originality/valueThe paper emphasizes that although large‐scale, multi‐dimensional time‐dependent heat transfer simulation tools are routinely available, there are instances where unsteady, engineering models such as the one discussed here are both adequate and appropriate.

Modeling and Dynamic Behavior of Battery Energy Storage: A Simple Model for Large-Scale Time-Domain Stability Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouyan Pourbeik ◽  
Stephen E. Williams ◽  
James Weber ◽  
Juan Sanchez-Gasca ◽  
Jay Senthil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Domain Stability

scholarly journals A Simple Model of Unbounded Evolutionary Versatility as a Largest-Scale Trend in Organismal Evolution

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Turney
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Evolutionary Pace ◽  
Biological Organisms

The idea that there are any large-scale trends in the evolution of biological organisms is highly controversial. It is commonly believed, for example, that there is a large-scale trend in evolution towards increasing complexity, but empirical and theoretical arguments undermine this belief. Natural selection results in organisms that are well adapted to their local environments, but it is not clear how local adaptation can produce a global trend. In this paper, I present a simple computational model, in which local adaptation to a randomly changing environment results in a global trend towards increasing evolutionary versatility. In this model, for evolutionary versatility to increase without bound, the environment must be highly dynamic. The model also shows that unbounded evolutionary versatility implies an accelerating evolutionary pace. I believe that unbounded increase in evolutionary versatility is a large-scale trend in evolution. I discuss some of the testable predictions about organismal evolution that are suggested by the model.

scholarly journals ICAT: Development of an Internet-Based Data Collection Method for Ecological Momentary Assessment Using Personal Cell Phones

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Florian Labhart
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Pilot Studies

Rapid advances in mobile data-transfer technologies offer new possibilities in the use of cell phones to conduct assessments of a person’s natural environment in real time. This paper describes features of a new Internet-based, cell phone-optimized assessment technique (ICAT), which consists of a retrospective baseline assessment combined with text messages sent to the participants’ personal cell phones providing a hyperlink to an Internet-stored cell phone-optimized questionnaire. Two participation conditions were used to test variations in response burden. Retention rates, completion rates, and response times in different subgroups were tested by means of χ² tests, Cox regression, and logistic regression. Among the 237 initial participants, we observed a retention rate of 90.3% from the baseline assessment to the cell-phone part, and 80.4% repeated participation in the 30 daily assessments. Each day, 40–70% of the questionnaires were returned, a fourth in less than 3 minutes. Qualitative interviews underscored the ease of use of ICAT. This technique appears to be an innovative, convenient, and cost-effective way of collecting data on situational characteristics while minimizing recall bias. Because of its flexibility, ICAT can be applied in various disciplines, whether as part of small pilot studies or large-scale, crosscultural, and multisite research projects.

Scaling 911 Texting for Large-Scale Disasters

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H. Tapia ◽  
Nicklaus A. Giacobe ◽  
Pamela J Soule ◽  
Nicolas James LaLone
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
State University ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Penn State ◽  
The Right

In a mass crisis event, Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) cannot meet the demand of thousands of individuals trying to alert or request emergency services. However, new technology, driven by the right policy and tested for strengths and weaknesses in a data rich, semi-predictable environment, can help to address current PSAP limitations. In this paper the authors present a system that aims to provide real-time data to emergency managers during a crisis event in such an environment – a college town during a football game or similarly attended event. The system is designed to accept, sort, triage and deliver hundreds of direct text messages from populations engaged in a crisis to emergency management staff who can respond. They posit that when a municipal or county-level EOC is cross-housed with a University EOC, multiple opportunities for development and funding occur. Universities can provide the technical expertise, funding, staffing, development and testing for systems that serve the EOC. Most importantly, Universities also provide disaster-like events that can be used as proxies for unpredictable mass crises during which more valid and reliable testing can occur. The authors present preliminary findings from a text-to-emergency service currently in use by Penn State University Athletics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document