Asbestosis and silicosis hospitalizations in Italy (2001–2015): results from the National Hospital Discharge Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background This work is aimed at evaluating the quality of Italian hospitalizations data about asbestosis and silicosis, assessing the impact of these diseases on the national health system and providing advice related to public health. Methods Italian hospital discharge data (2001–15) with diagnosis of asbestosis or silicosis were analysed by the multiple correspondence analysis and diseases epidemics were evaluated through hospitalization rates. Results Hospitalizations were concentrated in the northwestern area, referred mainly to males and oldest people, the most treated tumors were lung cancer and mesothelioma (for asbestosis) and cares were aimed at reducing symptoms and increasing blood oxygenation. Overall adjusted Italian hospitalization rates of asbestosis and silicosis were, respectively, 25.2 and 74.9 per 1 000 000 residents. With respect to asbestosis, hospitalizations treating silicosis reported doubled mortality (10.5 vs. 5.7%), longer stays (10.4 vs. 8.6 mean days) and older patients (77 vs. 72 years on average). Diseases rates reduced over time (with a steeper slope for silicosis) and in both fibroses increased hospital mortality (92.1% in asbestoses, 59.5% in silicoses) and percentage of urgent hospitalizations (116.0% in asbestoses, 56.6% in silicoses). Conclusion Hospitalizations data regarding asbestosis and silicosis are consistent. Silicosis had a higher impact than asbestosis on the Italian health system. Although data show decreasing incidence of both fibroses, multiple correspondence analysis highlights that levels of illness severity were higher in silicosis and increased over time in both diseases. Further studies investigating the effectiveness of the current health surveillance programs concerning these diseases are suggested.

scholarly journals The space of media usage in Finland, 2007 and 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (s3) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Semi Purhonen ◽  
Adrian Leguina ◽  
Riie Heikkilä
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Online Activities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In Nordic countries and beyond, there exists a lack of longitudinal, population-level research focused on sociopolitical polarisation and the proliferation of new online activities in the context of changing media usage. In this article, we examine media usage in Finland in 2007 and 2018. We use two nationally representative surveys (N = 1,388 in 2007 and N = 1,425 in 2018) to make comparisons over time and include a wide set of media usage indicators. Applying multiple correspondence analysis, we assess the impact of the proliferation of online activities on the structure of the space of media usage and examine whether the association between media usage and sociopolitical divisions has become more sharply pronounced. The results suggest stability of the structure of media use rather than dramatic change. We discuss these results by reflecting on the relatively strong persistence of “traditional” models of stratification in digital cultural consumption and media practices.

scholarly journals Hospitalization rates for pneumococcal disease in Brazil, 2004 - 2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes ◽  
Ana Marli Christovam Sartori ◽  
Patricia Coelho de Soárez
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Hospital Information System ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To estimate hospitalization rates for pneumococcal disease based on the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH). METHODS: Descriptive study based on the Hospital Information System of Brazilian National Health System data from January 2004 to December 2006: number of hospitalizations and deaths for pneumococcal meningitis, pneumococcal sepsis, pneumococcal pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of diseases reported in Brazil. Data from the 2003 Brazilian National Household Survey were used to estimate events in the private sector. Pneumococcal meningitis cases and deaths reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System during the study period were also analyzed. RESULTS: Pneumococcal disease accounted for 34,217 hospitalizations in the Brazilian National Health System (0.1% of all hospitalizations in the public sector). Pneumococcal pneumonia accounted for 64.8% of these hospitalizations. The age distribution of the estimated hospitalization rates for pneumococcal disease showed a "U"-shape curve with the highest rates seen in children under one (110 to 136.9 per 100,000 children annually). The highest hospital case-fatality rates were seen among the elderly, and for sepsis and meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: PD is a major public health problem in Brazil. The analysis based on the SIH can provide an important input to pneumococcal disease surveillance and the impact assessment of immunization programs.

scholarly journals The impact of quarantine on Covid-19 infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
District Level ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Infection Rate ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives: Coronavirushas had profound effects on people’s lives and the economy of many countries, generating controversy between the need to establish quarantines and other social distancing measures to protect people’s health and the need to reactivate the economy. This study proposes and applies a modification of the SIR infection model to describe the evolution of coronavirus infections and to measure the effect of quarantine on the number of people infected. Methods: Two hypotheses, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are proposed for the impact of quarantines. According to the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate, delaying new infections over time without modifying the total number of people infected at the end of the wave. The second hypothesis establishes that quarantine reduces the population infected in the wave. The two hypotheses are tested with data for a sample of 10 districts in Santiago, Chile. Results: The results of applying the methodology show that the proposed model describes well the evolution of infections at the district level. The data shows evidence in favor of the first hypothesis, quarantine reduces the infection rate; and not in favor of the second hypothesis, that quarantine reduces the population infected. Districts of higher socio-economic levels have a lower infection rate, and quarantine is more effective. Conclusions: Quarantine, in most districts, does not reduce the total number of people infected in the wave; it only reduces the rate at which they are infected. The reduction in the infection rate avoids peaks that may collapse the health system.

scholarly journals Country-Wide Resilience Model for the Health System: A Case Study on Iran, under Coronavirus Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Pilevari ◽  
Mahyar Valeh Shiva
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has had many destructive impacts on socio-economic and health systems. The health systems of countries could be supportive in crisis management, but they also are affected by the impact of the crisis, consequently, their operational level has declined. This study pursued resilience in an overall national health system under pandemic stress. Methods: Based on WHO building blocks, by interviewing informants of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, in Tehran-Iran, early 2021 a rich picture of the current situation depicted, the resilience model was extracted via a mixed method of Soft System Methodology (SSM) and total interpretive structural modeling (TISM). Dynamic capabilities were applied for the orchestration of the Iranian health system. Results: Particular functional and structural suggestions applicable for designing a ubiquitous resilience model for the country-wide health system are presented in this study. The variables of crisis sensing, opportunity seizing, and reconfiguration are the cornerstones of health system resilience. Conclusion: Well-suited health technology assessment (HTA) and health information system (HIS) play significant roles in the overall strengthening of the health system. All reforms for resilience will have a lasting result when the capabilities created by the resilience model are learned and reused in a dynamic cycle.

scholarly journals The impact of publicly funded rotavirus immunization programs on Canadian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Pia K Muchaal ◽  
Matt Hurst ◽  
Shalini Desai
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
The Impact

Background: In 2008, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommended routine rotavirus immunizations in healthy Canadian infants. Over the following seven years, eight provinces and two territories introduced the rotavirus vaccine into their publicly funded immunization programs. Objective: Assess the burden of rotavirus infections before and after implementation of publicly funded immunization programs. Methods: We analyzed laboratory-confirmed community cases of rotavirus reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program and hospitalizations of children younger than three years old from 2007 to 2017 with rotavirus diagnosis-specific ICD-10 codes. Rates of illness were calculated for each province for the two years prior to and after implementation of public funding of the vaccine. The year of implementation was not included to accommodate the uptake period of the vaccine. Age-specific rates were assessed in jurisdictions where five years of data were available the year after the vaccine was publicly funded. The pre–post and difference-in-difference (DID) methodologies were applied to hospital discharge data to evaluate changes between the funding and non-funding jurisdictions. Results: Community cases of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program declined by 54% between 2010 and 2017. Rates of hospital discharges decreased significantly among children in six provinces after the adoption of the rotavirus vaccine. Hospital discharge rates in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario and Prince Edward Island dropped between 53% and 71%, and by 75% for British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Conclusion: Public funding of the rotavirus vaccine appeared to lead to significant reductions in laboratory-confirmed rotavirus cases reported to the National Enteric Surveillance Program and in the rates of rotavirus gastroenteritis-related hospital discharges.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on oral biopsies in the Brazilian National Health System

Oral Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Ramos Cunha ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Manoela Domingues Martins ◽  
Stefano Petti ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals 30 years of polio campaigns in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria: the impacts of campaign design on vaccine hesitancy and health worker motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006002
Author(s):  
Abigail H Neel ◽  
Svea Closser ◽  
Catherine Villanueva ◽  
Piyusha Majumdar ◽  
S D Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
System Level ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
Worker Motivation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionThe debate over the impact of vertical programmes, including mass vaccination, on health systems is long-standing and often polarised. Studies have assessed the effects of a given vertical health programme on a health system separately from the goals of the vertical programme itself. Further, these health system effects are often categorised as either positive or negative. Yet health systems are in fact complex, dynamic and tightly linked. Relationships between elements of the system determine programme and system-level outcomes over time.MethodsWe constructed a causal loop diagram of the interactions between mass polio vaccination campaigns and government health systems in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria, working inductively from two qualitative datasets. The first dataset was 175 interviews conducted with policymakers, officials and frontline staff in these countries in 2011–2012. The second was 101 interviews conducted with similar groups in 2019, focusing on lessons learnt from polio eradication.ResultsPursuing high coverage in polio campaigns, without considering the dynamic impacts of campaigns on health systems, cost campaign coverage gains over time in weaker health systems with many campaigns. Over time, the systems effects of frequent campaigns, delivered through parallel structures, led to a loss of frontline worker motivation, and an increase in vaccine hesitancy in recipient populations. Co-delivery of interventions helped to mitigate these negative effects. In stronger health systems with fewer campaigns, these issues did not arise.ConclusionIt benefits vertical programmes to reduce the construction of parallel systems and pursue co-delivery of interventions where possible, and to consider the workflow of frontline staff. Ultimately, for health campaign designs to be effective, they must make sense for those delivering and receiving campaign interventions, and must take into account the complex, adaptive nature of the health systems in which they operate. 

scholarly journals The health system costs of post abortion care in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Lince-Deroche ◽  
George Ruhago ◽  
Philicia W. Castillo ◽  
Patrice Williams ◽  
Projestine Muganyizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Health System Cost ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Unsafe abortion is common in Tanzania. Currently, postabortion care (PAC) is legally provided, but there is little information on the national cost. We estimated the health system costs of offering PAC in Tanzania in 2018, at existing levels of care and when hypothetically expanded to meet all need. Methods We employed a bottom-up costing methodology. Between October 2018 and February 2019, face-to-face interviews were conducted with facility administrators and PAC providers in a sample of 40 health facilities located across seven mainland regions and Zanzibar. We collected data on the direct and indirect cost of care, fees charged to patients, and costs incurred by patients for PAC supplies. Sensitivity analysis was used to explore the impact of uncertainty in the analysis. Results Overall, 3850 women received PAC at the study facilities in 2018. At the national level, 77,814 women received PAC, and the cost per patient was $58. The national health system cost for PAC provision at current levels totaled nearly $4.5 million. Meeting all need for PAC would increase costs to over $11 million. Public facilities bore the majority of PAC costs, and facilities recovered just 1% of costs through charges to patients. On average PAC patients incurred $7 in costs ($6.17 for fees plus $1.35 in supplies). Conclusions Resources for health care are limited. While working to scale up access to PAC services to meet women’s needs, Tanzanian policymakers should consider increasing access to contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies.

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